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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Aug 30;68(9):934–945. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.092

FIGURE 2. Estimates of the Association of Circulating Cystatin C With CVD Risk.

FIGURE 2

The observational models were minimally adjusted for age and sex (minimal), or fully adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and systolic blood pressure (full). The causal estimates were triangulated using effect estimates of the association of the genetic instrument with cystatin C concentrations (reported in Online Figure 4) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Online Figure 12). Total sample sizes may differ from those reported in Table 1 due to the availability of covariates. adj. = adjusted; CI = confidence interval; RR = relative risk.