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. 2017 May 15;127(6):2118–2132. doi: 10.1172/JCI92001

Figure 5. HMGB1 levels in blood of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive epilepsy patients and healthy controls.

Figure 5

(A) Total HMGB1 levels in healthy controls (1.1 ± 0.07 ng/ml, n = 74) and patients with well-controlled epilepsy (1.2 ± 0.15 ng/ml, n = 20) or drug-resistant epilepsy (8.7 ± 0.47 ng/ml, n = 65; P < 0.01). Acetylated HMGB1 was detectable only in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and these individuals could be further stratified on the basis of the presence of disulfide HMGB1 (drug-resistant, reduced HMGB1 7.1 ± 0.4 ng/ml, n = 41; reduced+disulfide, 11.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml, n = 24; P < 0.01). Data are presented in each group as individual values as well as the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, 1-way ANOVA. (B) ROC analysis shows that total HMGB1 discriminates (AUC = 0.99) between patients with drug-resistant seizures and both healthy controls and those with well-controlled seizures.