Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 31.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;899:145–166. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-26666-4_9

Table 9.1.

List of compounds with known mechanism of autophagy modulation

Autophagy inducers
AMPK activators and mTORC1 inhibitors

  • Rapamycin

  • Temsirolimus (CCI-779)

  • Everolimus (RAD001)

  • Deforolimus (Ridaforolimus)

  • PP242

  • Torin 1

  • GDC-0980

  • Metformin

  • AICAR
Inhibitors of class I PI3K signaling

  • CH5132799

  • GDC-0980

  • GDC-0941
Modulators of intracellular Ca2+

  • Fluspirilene

  • Verapamil

  • Loperamide

  • Amiodarone

  • Thapsigargin
Proteasome inhibitors

  • Bortezomib

  • NPI-0052

  • MG-132
Histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors

  • Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)

  • OSU-HDAC42

  • Trichostatin A (TSA)

  • Valproic acid (VPA)

  • 5-Aza-cytidine (AZA)
Synthetic and plant-based chemotherapeutic agents

  • Temozolomide (TMZ)

  • Tamoxifen

  • Resveratrol

  • Cannabinoids

  • β-Lapachone

  • Avicins

  • Betulinic acid derivative B10

  • Plant lectins
Autophagy inhibitors
Class III PI3K inhibitors blocks autophagy

  • 3-Methyladenine (3-MA)

  • Wortmannin

  • LY294002

  • Spautin

  • Vps34 inhibitors
Microtubule modulators

  • Vinblastine

  • Nocodazole

  • Cytochalasin B and D
Lysosomal inhibitors

  • Chloroquine (CQ)

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)

  • Quinacrine

  • Lys05, a dimeric CQ

  • Monensin

  • Lucanthone

  • Matrine
Vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitors

  • Bafilomycin A1

  • Concanamycin A

  • Azithromycin
Inhibitors of lysosomal hydrolases and proteases

  • E64d

  • Pepstatin A
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors

  • SP600125