Table 2.

Medication Use at Baseline and at 3 Years.^*

Medication	At Baseline			At 3 Years
	Medical Therapy (N = 40)	Gastric Bypass (N = 48)	Sleeve Gastrectomy (N = 49)	Medical Therapy (N = 40)	Gastric Bypass (N = 48)	Sleeve Gastrectomy (N = 49)
Diabetes medications
No. of medications	2.80±1.11	2.50±1.15	2.45±1.19	2.60±1.10	0.48±0.80†	1.02±1.01†‡
Insulin — no. of patients (%)	21 (52)	22 (46)	22 (45)	22 (55)	3 (6)†	4 (8)†
Not taking this class of medication — no. of patients (%)	1 (2)	1 (2)	1 (2)	1 (2)	33 (69)†	21 (43)†‡
Cardiovascular medications
No. of medications	2.70±1.22	2.73±1.32	2.18±1.09	2.63±1.31	0.96±1.15†	1.35±1.40†
ACE inhibitor or ARB — no. of patients (%)	25 (62)	36 (75)	30 (61)	22 (55)	11 (23)§	13 (27)§
Not taking this class of medication — no. of patients (%)	0	3 (6)	2 (4)	1 (2)	20 (42)†	19 (39)†
Any medication
No. of medications	5.50±1.71	5.23±1.76	4.63±1.67	5.23±1.86	1.44±1.49†	2.37±1.82†‡
Difference from baseline to 3 yr — no.				−0.28±2.03	−3.79±1.81†	−2.27±1.99†‡

^*Plus–minus values are means ±SD. All P values are for the comparison with the medical-therapy group unless otherwise indicated. ACE denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme, and ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker.

^†P<0.001.

^‡P<0.05 for comparison between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.

^§P<0.01.