Gut microbiota |
Probiotics |
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG versus placebo |
Novel therapies in moderately severe acute AH (NTAH-moderate)/NCT01922895
|
IL-1 and inflammation |
IL-1 blocker (rilonacept) immunosuppressive agent (mycophenolate) |
Rilonacept + prednisolone or mycophenolate + prednisolone versus prednisolone |
A safety and efficacy study of mycophenolate mofetil and rilonacept in patients with AH/NCT01903798
|
TNF and inflammation |
Immunosuppressive agent and a nonspecific TNF inhibitor (pentoxifylline) |
Prednisolone versus pentoxifylline |
Short-term survival in patients with severe AH treated with steroid versus pentoxifylline/NCT01455337
|
IL-1 |
IL-1 blocker (anakinra) TNF inhibitor (pentoxifylline), nutritional supplement (zinc sulfate) |
Anakinra + pentoxifylline + zinc sulfate versus methylprednisolone |
Efficacy study of anakinra, pentoxifylline, and zinc compared to methylprednisolone in severe acute AH/NCT01809132
|
TNF |
Gut barrier |
LPS |
Hyperimmune bovine colostrum enriched with anti-LPS antibodies |
Prednisolone + Imm 124-E versus prednisolone + placebo |
Safety and efficacy of IMM 124-E for patients with severe AH (TREAT)/NCT01968382
|
Cell death |
Caspase inhibitor (emricasan, also known as IDN-6556 and PF-03491390) |
IDN-6556 versus placebo |
Study of IDN-6556 in patients with severe AH and contradictions to steroid therapy/NCT01912404
|
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of IDN-6556 in ACLF/NCTO1937130 |
Bone marrow |
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF); or G-CSF + erythropoietin (EPO) |
G-CSF versus placebo; or G-CSF + EPO versus placebo |
Efficacy of G-CSF in the management of steroid non-responsive severe AH/NCT01820208
|
G-CSF in acute liver failure and AH/NCT01341951
|
Efficacy of G-CSF and erythropoietin for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure/NCT01383460
|