Table 1.
Summary of trauma type, PTSD, psychotic symptoms, target hotspot and associated memory, and key tf-CBTp interventions.
| Participant (diagnosis) | Trauma type | Psychotic symptoms | Target hotspot and associated memory | Key tf-CBTp; phase 4 intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
P1 Primary: unspecified non-organic psychosis Secondary: PTSD |
Childhood; multiple Sought asylum in the UK |
Auditory command hallucinations Visual hallucinations Paranoia |
Witnessing murder of childhood friend; childhood physical abuse; held captive and tortured | Cognitive restructuring Reliving with CR Imagery rescripting (for nightmares and visions) |
|
P2 Primary: schizophrenia Secondary: severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms |
Adult; single event | Auditory command hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Living in conflict zone and held at gunpoint by terrorists | Cognitive restructuring Reliving with CR |
|
P3 Primary: other non-organic psychotic disorder Secondary: PTSD |
Childhood; multiple Sought asylum in the UK |
Auditory hallucinations Visual, tactile, and olfactory hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Living in conflict zone (civil war/genocide); parents killed. Held captive and gang raped; witnessed murder of grandfather | Cognitive restructuring Imagery rescripting |
|
P4 Primary: unspecified non-organic psychosis Secondary: none |
Childhood; single event | Auditory command hallucinations Visual and tactile hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Rape in childhood | Cognitive restructuring Imagery rescripting for trauma event and visual hallucinations Schema work |
|
P5 Primary: PTSDSecondary: emotionally unstable personality disorder |
Adult; multiple | Auditory command hallucinations Visual, olfactory, and tactile hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Several rapes and extreme physical assaults (long-term domestic violence); stillbirth of child | Cognitive restructuring Reliving with CR for trauma events Imagery rescripting for visual, olfactory tactile, and hallucinations |
|
P6 Primary: severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms Secondary: none |
Childhood; single event | Auditory hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Physical and emotional abuse | Imagery rescripting Schema work |
|
P7 Primary: schizophrenia Secondary: severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms |
Adult; single event | Auditory hallucinations Visual, tactile, and olfactory hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Being threatened with a knife | Cognitive restructuring reliving with CR |
|
P8
Primary: PTSD Secondary: severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms |
Adult; multiple Sought asylum in the UK |
Commanding voices Visual and tactile hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Long-term imprisonment with physical and sexual torture. Witnessing murder in prison | Cognitive restructuring reliving with CR Imagery rescripting |
|
P9 Primary: severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms Secondary: none |
Childhood; multiple | Auditory command hallucinations Visual and tactile hallucinations Persecutory beliefs |
Repeated childhood physical abuse | Cognitive restructuring Imagery rescripting for trauma events, visual and tactile hallucinations, and nightmares |