Fig. 6.

TUDCA attenuates ER stress-induced CHOP associated with CCA and increases UPR^MT antioxidant marker Sirt3 and CPN10 chaperone. C₂C₁₂ cells were differentiated for 5 days 1 h before chronic contractile activity (CCA), and cells were treated with either TUDCA (T) or water [vehicle (V)] for four consecutive days before collection. A: UPR^ER marker CHOP representative blot and graphical representation. B: representative blots of other UPR markers and their graphical representations: ATF4 (C), BIP (D), mtHSP70 (E), mtHSP60 (F), CPN10 (G), and Sirt3 (H). Data are expressed as means ± SE and are measured in arbitrary units (AU). πP < 0.05 vs. control (CON); *P < 0.05 main effect of CCA; φP < 0.05 main effect of TUDCA treatment; #P < 0.05 interaction effect of CCA and TUDCA treatment; n = 4 to 6 experiments.