Table 3.

Transgenic mouse models of exocytosis protein overexpression

Genotype	Alteration	Metabolic Phenotype	Ref. No(s).
STX1A	Increased STX1A in pancreatic β cells	Fasting hyperglycemia, reduced insulin secretion, insulin intolerance in male mice	58
STX4	Increased STX4 in skeletal muscle, fat, and pancreas	Enhanced insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 translocation and skeletal muscle glucose uptake; enhanced insulin secretion from islets; increased healthspan, lifespan; protected from age- and HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction	76, 78, 106, 108
VAMP2	Increased VAMP2 in neurons	ND	64
Munc18-1	Increased Munc18-1 in neurons	ND	114
Munc18c	Increased Munc18c in fat, skeletal muscle and pancreas	Insulin resistant, glucose intolerant with impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake; impaired insulin secretion from islets	107
DOC2B	Increased DOC2B in skeletal muscle, fat, and pancreas	Enhanced insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 translocation and skeletal muscle glucose uptake; enhanced insulin secretion from islets	90

STX1A and -4, syntaxin 1A and 4, respectively; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; ND, not determined; HFD, high-fat diet.