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Assessment of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function in room air (RA)- and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed AKR mice. A: representative images using echocardiography demonstrating tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annulus e′, and tricuspid valve E-to-A ratio, n = 6. B: representative hemodynamic tracings obtained with a Millar pressure catheter placed into the RV and the LV. RVSP, RV systolic pressure; LVSP, LV systolic pressure.
