Table 2.
Quality assessment of RCTs of e-Mental Health interventions for treatment of symptoms of PTSDa.
| Study author (year) [ref] | Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection methods | Withdrawals and dropouts | Global rating for design methods (A-F) |
| Beatty (2016) [26] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Beyer (unpublished) [27] | •• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Bomyea (2015) [28] | •• | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• |
| Brief (2013) [29] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | • | • |
| Carpenter (2014) [30] | • | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | ••• | • |
| Cernvall (2015) [31] | •• | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | •• | • |
| Cieslak (2016) [32] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | • | • |
| Cox (2010) [33] | •• | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | •• | •• |
| Eisma (2015) [34] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | •• | •• |
| Engel (2015) [35] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Hirai (2005) [36] | •• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Hirai (2012) [37] | •• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | •• | ••• |
| Hobfoll (2015) [38] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Ivarsson (2014) [39] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Kersting (2011) [40] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | •• | •• |
| Kersting (2013) [41] | •• | ••• | • | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Knaevelsrud (2007) [42] | • | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | ••• | • |
| Knaevelsrud (2015) [43] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | • | • |
| Krupnick (unpublished) [44] | •• | ••• | • | •• | ••• | • | • |
| Lange (2001) [45] | •• | ••• | • | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Lange (2003) [46] | • | ••• | •• | •• | ••• | • | • |
| Litz (2007) [47] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | •• | •• |
| Litz (2014) [48] | •• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Marsac (2013) [49] | •• | ••• | •• | •• | •• | •• | •• |
| Miner (2016) [50] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Mouthaan (2013) [51] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | • | • |
| Nieminen (2016) [52] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Owen (2005) [53] | •• | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Possemato (2010) [54] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Possemato (2011) [55] | •• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | ••• |
| Sayer (2015) [56] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Schoorl (2013) [57] | •• | ••• | ••• | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• |
| Spence (2011) [58] | • | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | ••• | • |
| Spence (2014) [59] | •• | ••• | ••• | • | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Steinmetz (2012) [60] | •• | ••• | •• | • | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Wagner (2006) [61] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Wang (2013) [62] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | •• | •• | •• |
| Winzelberg (2003) [63] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
| Zernicke (2014) [64] | • | ••• | ••• | •• | ••• | ••• | •• |
a•Weak; ••Moderate; •••Strong.