Figure 1.

Transition to iNCMSCs from iNCCs and their expandability. (a) Schematic protocol for generation of iNCMSCs from iNCCs. (b) Cell morphology of iNCCs and iNCMSCs during expansion culture. Passage number and expanded days are presented in their inboxes. (c) Growth curve of iNCMSCs over two months (N = three lines). Each symbol represents each passage. PDT was calculated during first seven weeks (mean ± SD for three lines). (d) Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of iNCMSCs at passages 3 and 8. (e) Upregulation of p16 mRNA expression during expansion culture (means ± SD for three lines). Scale bars = 100 μm (b, d). Abbreviations: CDM: Chemical defined medium; SB: SB431452; PDL: Population doubling level; PDT: Population doubling time; iNCCs: Induced neural crest cells; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; iNCMSCs: iNCC-derived mesenchymal stem cells.