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. 2017 May 17;4(5):170156. doi: 10.1098/rsos.170156

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© 2017 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 3. — Abundance and diversity data outside Detroit split into female worker and male drone categories regressed against site-level impervious surface measured in 2 km buffer zones. Splitting data into female workers and male drones shows the decline of Bombus abundance and diversity in high impervious surface outside Detroit is driven by decreases in female-workers. Male drones show no significant response to impervious surface. (a) Female Bombus abundance (F_1,22 = 44.08, p = 1.13× 10⁻⁶, R² = 0.652). (b) Male Bombus abundance (F_1,22 = 0.441, p = 0.5137, R² = −0.0249). (c) Female Bombus diversity (F_1,22 = 12.44, p = 0.00189, R² = 0.3323). (d) Male Bombus diversity (F_1,22 = 0.0004, p = 0.9852, R² = −0.0454). ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001.