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. 2017 May 31;4(5):170329. doi: 10.1098/rsos.170329

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© 2017 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 4. — Hypothesis of evolutionary relationships of Torrejonia wilsoni and other eutherian mammals. (Left) Resulting single most parsimonious cladogram based on modified morphological dataset of Bloch et al. [4], sampling a total of 240 morphological characters (68 postcranial, 45 cranial and 127 dental) with Primates sensu lato indicated in blue and Torrejonia wilsoni supported as a stem primate and indicated in orange. Numbers below branches represent Absolute Bremer Support values. See the electronic supplementary material for detailed methods, descriptions of morphological characters, specimens examined (also see [5]), and the taxon-character matrix in TNT format. (Bottom) Simplified subset of resulting tree topology focused on Primates. Boxes (a–f) illustrate tarsals of select primates with great mobility at the upper ankle joint (yellow: lateral tibial facet extends distally onto neck of astragalus in dorsal view), lower ankle joint (red: sustentacular facet extends distally onto body of calcaneus in dorsal view) and transverse tarsal joint (orange: round, concave cuboid facet of calcaneus in distal view) indicating arboreality. Boxes (a–f) also illustrate micro X-ray CT scan reconstructions of (a) purgatoriid Purgatorius unio p4-m3 (UCMP 107406) with tall molar cusps in buccal view, (b) micromomyid Dryomomys szalayi cranium (UM 41870) in right lateral view with large IOF, (c) Torrejonia wilsoni partial skeleton (NMMNH P-54500), (d) paromomyid Ignacius graybullianus cranium (USNM 421608) in right lateral view with relatively large olfactory bulbs (OB) of endocast (violet), (e) carpolestid Carpolestes simpsoni cranium (USNM 482354) in right lateral view and tarsals (UM 101963) and (f) notharctid Notharctus tenebrosus cranium (AMNH 127167) in right lateral view. Some elements reversed for clarity. See figure 3 legend for specimen numbers of tarsals not listed above. See the electronic supplementary material for institutional abbreviations.