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. 2017 Apr 26;14(5):464. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14050464

Table 4.

Unadjusted analysis for forgone medical care among those diagnosed with diabetes.

Variables 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
OR 99% Confidence Intervals p-Value OR 99% Confidence Intervals p-Value OR 99% Confidence Intervals p-Value OR 99% Confidence Intervals p-Value OR 99% Confidence Intervals p-Value
Income Missing/don’t know 2.267 ** 1.774 2.896 <0.0001 2.466 ** 1.810 3.359 <0.0001 2.408 ** 1.807 3.208 <0.0001 2.860 ** 2.209 3.702 <0.0001 2.069 ** 1.560 2.746 <0.0001
<$15,000 vs. ≥$50,000 4.926 ** 3.978 6.099 5.777 ** 4.534 7.361 5.492 ** 4.222 7.143 6.094 ** 4.865 7.635 4.294 ** 3.260 5.657
$15,000–<$25,000 vs. ≥$50,000 3.933 ** 3.174 4.873 4.232 ** 3.321 5.391 4.585 ** 3.544 5.931 5.431 ** 4.372 6.746 3.675 ** 2.800 4.824
$25,000–<$35,000 vs. ≥$50,000 2.712 ** 2.097 3.506 2.786 ** 2.070 3.750 3.396 ** 2.518 4.580 3.234 ** 2.468 4.237 2.770 ** 2.042 3.758
$35,000–<$50,000 vs. ≥$50,000 2.069 ** 1.593 2.687 1.877 ** 1.407 2.502 1.753 ** 1.248 2.462 2.442 ** 1.881 3.171 1.807 ** 1.304 2.503
Sex Male vs. Female 0.738 ** 0.653 0.835 <0.0001 0.754 ** 0.659 0.864 <0.0001 0.773 ** 0.674 0.887 <0.0001 0.778 ** 0.683 0.888 <0.0001 0.825 ** 0.715 0.952 0.0005
Education Did not graduate High School vs. Graduated from College or Technical School 2.685 ** 2.229 3.236 <0.0001 2.613 ** 2.108 3.241 <0.0001 2.952 ** 2.417 3.606 <0.0001 2.827 ** 2.297 3.481 <0.0001 2.664 ** 2.011 3.529 <0.0001
Graduated High School vs. Graduated from College or Technical School 1.930 ** 1.625 2.293 1.794 ** 1.473 2.187 1.897 ** 1.578 2.281 1.84 ** 1.516 2.233 1.631 ** 1.256 2.116
Attended College or Technical School vs. Graduated from College or Technical School 1.753 ** 1.471 2.089 1.610 ** 1.314 1.972 1.682 ** 1.389 2.037 1.661 ** 1.366 2.018 1.666 ** 1.275 2.178
Race/Ethnicity Hispanic vs. White 2.385 ** 2.006 2.836 <0.0001 2.284 ** 1.898 2.749 <0.0001 2.270 ** 1.884 2.736 <0.0001 2.216 ** 1.862 2.638 <0.0001 2.337 ** 1.930 2.830 <0.0001
Other vs. White 1.677 ** 1.207 2.330 1.902 ** 1.330 2.720 1.565 ** 1.112 2.204 1.757 ** 1.307 2.360 1.874 ** 1.260 2.787
American Indian or Alaska Native vs. White 1.740 ** 1.155 2.622 2.014 ** 1.365 2.971 1.781 ** 1.209 2.622 1.815 ** 1.216 2.710 2.078 ** 1.330 3.246
Asian vs. White 0.901 0.532 1.527 1.044 0.475 2.295 0.861 0.412 1.798 1.089 0.527 2.252 1.271 0.624 2.591
Black or African American vs. White 1.707 ** 1.442 2.020 1.692 ** 1.426 2.008 1.543 ** 1.295 1.839 1.524 ** 1.284 1.807 1.701 ** 1.422 2.035
Rurality Urban versus Rural (Not in an MSA) 0.882 * 0.768 1.012 0.0189 0.925 0.795 1.078 0.1905 0.855 * 0.721 1.013 0.0176 0.794 ** 0.665 0.948 0.0008 0.884 0.722 1.083 0.1177
Rurality In the center city of an MSA versus Not in an MSA (rural) 0.925 0.787 1.086 0.0288 0.965 0.801 1.161 0.4140 0.958 0.778 1.18 0.0006 0.810 ** 0.666 0.986 0.0089 0.849 * 0.691 1.043 0.1272
Outside the center city of an MSA but inside the county containing the center city versus Not in an MSA (rural) 0.865 * 0.720 1.039 0.888 0.719 1.097 0.755 ** 0.600 0.949 0.744 ** 0.572 0.967 0.903 0.635 1.285
Inside a suburban county of the MSA versus Not in an MSA (rural) 0.806 ** 0.659 0.985 0.892 0.695 1.144 0.757 ** 0.608 0.943 0.831 0.649 1.063 1.053 0.749 1.480
Census Region North vs. South 0.635 ** 0.530 0.761 <0.0001 0.542 ** 0.426 0.688 <0.0001 0.622 ** 0.508 0.762 <0.0001 0.657 ** 0.541 0.797 <0.0001 0.600 ** 0.490 0.735 <0.0001
Midwest vs. South 0.676 ** 0.576 0.793 0.684 ** 0.578 0.808 0.695 ** 0.596 0.811 0.675 ** 0.576 0.792 0.646 ** 0.545 0.765
Western/Pacific vs. South 0.731 ** 0.619 0.864 0.819 ** 0.687 0.976 0.784 ** 0.634 0.968 0.814 ** 0.671 0.988 0.716 ** 0.575 0.893
State Median Income State Median Income (continuous variable) 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

** and bold indicate significantly different (alpha = 0.01); * alpha = 0.05.