Table 1.

Selected IAQ parameters, characteristics of measurement, hazard classification and available health-based air quality guidance (in μg/m³).

Substance	Origin	Air Sampling Method	LOD	WHO a	The Netherlands a	EU a	WHO a	The Netherlands a
				Classification Cancer	Public Standard Outdoor Air	EU Standard Outdoor Air	IAQ Guidance Value Indoor Air	Public Standard Workplace
Acrolein	Oxidation	Silicagel with DNPH reagent	0.001 e	Group 3	0.5–0.01	−	−	230 (15-min)
Benzene	Pyrosynthesis	Activated charcoal	0.001 f	Group 1	10–1	5	17 c; 0.17 d	3.250 (8-h)
Benzo(a)pyrene	Pyrosynthesis	Membrane filter	0.000010	Group 1	0.001–0.00001	-	0.0012 c; 0.000012 d	550 (8-h)
Cumene	Fuel	Activated charcoal	0.001 f	Group 2B	-	-	-	100.000 (8-h) 250.000 (15-h)
Formaldehyde	Oxidation	Silicagel with DNPH reagent	0.001	Group 1	10–1	-	100 (0.5-h average)	150 (8-h) 500 (15-min)
Napthalalene	Fuel/pyrosynthesis	Activated charcoal	0.001 f	Group 3	10	10 (year average)	-	50.000 (8-h) 80.000 (15-min)
Respirable dust (PM-2.5)	Fuel/pyrosynthesis	Membrane filter	1.0	Group 1	−	25 b (year average)	-	-
Nitrogen dioxide	Oxidation	Palmes tubes	1.0	-	40–4	40 (year average) 200 (1-h average)	-	400 (8-h) 1.000 (15-min)
Toluene	Fuel	Activated charcoal	0.001 f	-	400–4	-	-	150.000 (8-h) 384.000 (15-min)
Xylene	Fuel	Activated charcoal	0.001 f	-	870	-	-	210.000 (8-h) 442.000 (15-min)

8-h = time-weighted average over 8 h; 15-min = time weighted average over 15 min; DNPH = 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; LOD = Limit of Determination; MTR = Maximum Allowable Risk; SW = Reference value; - Not determined; ^a Body that established and/or published the standard; ^b As of 1 January 2015; ^c Action level (attributed risk van 10⁻⁴); ^d Reference risk (attributable risk of 10⁻⁶); ^e Calculated for formaldehyde; ^f Calculated for xylene.