Table 4.
Predictors of anemia, iron and zinc status in pregnant women, controlling for trimester: linear regression analyses (continuous variables) 1.
| Variable | Hemoglobin | Ferritin, Adjusted for APP 2,3 | Soluble Transferrin Receptor 2 | Zinc, Adjusted for APP 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | |
| Demographic and socio-economic characteristics 4 | ||||||||
| Age (year) | 0.026 (0.0098, 0.041) | <0.01 | −0.0056 (−0.014, 0.0025) | 0.18 | −0.00074 (−0.0057, 0.0043) | 0.77 | −0.0088 (−0.11, 0.094) | 0.87 |
| Age at first pregnancy (year) | −0.0063 (−0.055, 0.043) | 0.80 | 0.010 (−0.014, 0.036) | 0.40 | 0.0082 (−0.0070, 0.024) | 0.29 | 0.25 (−0.056, 0.55) | 0.11 |
| HFIAS score | −0.0069 (−0.027, 0.013) | 0.49 | 0.0039 (−0.0058, 0.014) | 0.43 | 0.0036 (−0.0026, 0.0098) | 0.25 | 0.058 (−0.064, 0.18) | 0.35 |
| Housing quality index | 0.60 (−0.047, 1.2) | 0.07 | 0.19 (−0.13, 0.63) | 0.27 | −0.20 (−0.35, −0.027) | 0.03 | 4.50 (0.55, 8.46) | 0.03 |
| Household ownership index | 0.099 (−0.0010, 0.20) | 0.05 | 0.0020 (−0.046, 0.053) | 0.94 | −0.039 (−0.068, −0.0085) | 0.01 | 0.52 (−0.10, 1.15) | 0.10 |
| Nutritional and health status 3 | ||||||||
| Mid-upper arm circumference (cm) | 0.099 (0.060, 0.14) | <0.01 | −0.012 (−0.031, 0.0071) | 0.21 | −0.011 (−0.023, 0.0015) | 0.08 | 0.28 (0.045, 0.52) | 0.02 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg/week) | 0.22 (0.0033, 0.43) | 0.047 | −0.13 (−0.22, −0.027) | 0.01 | −0.062 (−0.13, 0.0036) | 0.06 | −0.52 (−1.9, 0.83) | 0.45 |
1 APP, acute phase proteins; HFIAS, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale; 2 Ferritin and sTfR: logarithmically transformed, β values are back-transformed to be interpreted as a multiplicative effect in the original unit; 3 Ferritin and zinc: continuous adjustment to the 10th percentile of study specific C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein concentrations; 4 Data exclude participants in first trimester, n = 1.