Table 2.
Dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, and fatty acids by BMI category: United States, NHANES 2005–2012 for adults ≥ 19 years of age 1.
| Nutrient | Normal Weight n = 5785 |
Overweight n = 6758 |
Obese—Grade 1 n = 4186 |
Obese—Grade 2 n = 1855 |
Obese—Grade 3 n = 1332 |
p for Linear Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 2174 ± 23 | 2181 ± 16 | 2121 ± 24 | 2117 ± 26 | 2108 ± 36 | 0.02 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 262 ± 1 | 257 ± 1 * | 254 ± 1 * | 254 ± 2 * | 256 ± 2 * | 0.004 |
| Protein (g) | 80 ± 1 | 82 ± 1 * | 83 ± 1 * | 82 ± 1 * | 84 ± 1 * | 0.002 |
| Fat, total (g) | 77 ± 1 | 79 ± 1 * | 80 ± 1 * | 83 ± 1 * | 83 ± 1 * | <0.0001 |
| SFA, total (g) | 25.1 ± 0.2 | 25.6 ± 0.1 | 26.1 ± 0.2 * | 27.2 ± 0.3 * | 27.6 ± 0.3 * | <0.0001 |
| Lauric acid (12:0) (g) | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.60 |
| Myristic acid (14:0) (g) | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 * | 0.0002 |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) (g) | 13.6 ± 0.1 | 13.9 ± 0.1 | 14.2 ± 0.1 * | 14.7 ± 0.2 * | 15.0 ± 0.2 * | <0.0001 |
| Stearic acid (18:0) (g) | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.1 * | 6.8 ± 0.1 * | 7.0 ± 0.1 * | 7.1 ± 0.1 * | <0.0001 |
| MUFA, total (g) | 28.1 ± 0.2 | 28.7 ± 0.2 * | 29.4 ± 0.2 * | 30.1 ± 0.3 * | 30.0 ± 0.3 * | <0.0001 |
| Oleic acid (18:1n-9) (g) | 26.2 ± 0.2 | 26.8 ± 0.2 * | 27.5 ± 0.2* | 28.1 ± 0.3 * | 28.0 ± 0.3 * | <0.0001 |
| PUFA, total (g) | 17.1 ± 0.2 | 17.7 ± 0.2 | 17.9 ± 0.2 * | 18.0 ± 0.3 * | 17.9 ± 0.4 | 0.06 |
| LA (18:2n-6) (g) | 15.1 ± 0.2 | 15.6 ± 0.2 | 15.9 ± 0.2 * | 15.9 ± 0.2 * | 15.8 ± 0.3 | 0.06 |
| ALA (18:3n-3) (g) | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 0.36 |
| EPA (20:5n-3 (g) | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.43 |
| DPA (22:5n-3) (g) | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.37 |
| DHA (22:6n-3) (g) | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.38 |
| LCn-3, total (g) | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.50 |
1 Data are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05 compared to the normal weight category. SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; LA, linoleic acid; ALA, alpha linolenic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; LCn-3, long chain omega-3.