Table 3.
Association between HDHI and sociodemographic factors.
| Variables | n (%) | Mean HDHI Score (SE) 1 | p-Value 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total 3 | 3993 | 40.4 (0.2) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 1729 (43) | 38.5 (0.3) | |
| Female | 2264 (57) | 42.2 (0.3) | |
| Age group | <0.001 3 | ||
| 19–30 years | 716 (18) | 36.9 (0.5) | |
| 31–50 years | 1338 (34) | 39.5 (0.3) | |
| 51–70 years | 887 (22) | 42.9 (0.4) | |
| 71 years and over | 1052 (26) | 44.3 (0.3) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Maori | 921 (23) | 35.0 (0.5) a | |
| Pacific | 633 (16) | 35.8 (0.4) a | |
| Other | 2439 (61) | 41.3 (0.2) b | |
| NZDep2006 Quintile | <0.001 3 | ||
| 1 | 524 (13) | 42.6 (0.5) | |
| 2 | 667 (17) | 41.6 (0.5) | |
| 3 | 634 (16) | 41.1 (0.5) | |
| 4 | 929 (23) | 39.1 (0.4) | |
| 5 | 1239 (31) | 37.4 (0.5) | |
| Weight status | <0.001 | ||
| Underweight | 39 (1) | 39.2 (2.5) c,d | |
| Normal weight | 943 (25) | 41.1 (0.4) c | |
| Overweight | 1408 (37) | 41.0 (0.3) c | |
| Obese | 1425 (37) | 39.0 (0.4) d | |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||
| Never | 1786 (45) | 42.3 (0.3) e | |
| Current | 974 (24) | 34.1 (0.4) f | |
| Former | 1233 (31) | 41.8 (0.4) e | |
| Alcohol drinking | <0.001 | ||
| Non-drinker | 240 (6) | 42.3 (0.7) g | |
| Former drinker | 532 (13) | 39.6 (0.6) h | |
| Light/moderate drinker | 2869 (72) | 40.9 (0.2) g,h | |
| Heavy drinker | 352 (9) | 36.5 (0.8) i |
1 Weighted for survey design; 2 Unadjusted regression models with HDHI as the dependent variable; 3 Trend tests for age group and NZDep2006 Quintile; 3 Only includes those that had answered at least 75% of the items and therefore had a HDHI score calculated; a–i Mean HDHI scores with unlike superscript letters indicate significant differences between groups after Bonferroni adjustment (p < 0.05).