Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to all participants and vegetable intake categories 1.
| All Participants | Vegetable Serve Intake 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <2 Serves/Day | 2 to <3 Serves/Day | ≥3 Serves/Day | p Value 3 | ||
| Number | 1468 | 424 | 584 | 460 | |
| Age, years | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 75.0 ± 2.7 | 0.455 |
| Body mass index (BMI) 4, kg/m2 | 27.2 ± 4.7 | 27.0 ± 4.8 | 27.2 ± 4.6 | 27.5 ± 5.0 | 0.233 |
| Treatment (calcium) 5 | 755 (51.4) | 202 (47.6) | 309 (53.0) | 244 (53.0) | 0.175 |
| Prevalent fracture 5 | 397 (27.0) | 112 (26.4) | 156 (26.8) | 129 (28.0) | 0.843 |
| Prevalent diabetes mellitus | 90 (6.1) | 28 (6.6) | 34 (5.8) | 28 (6.1) | 0.877 |
| Physical activity 4, kJ/day | 467.1 (0.0–855.4) | 455.0 (0.0–886.3) | 443.5 (159.4–836.9) | 491.4 (157.7–852.0) | 0.743 |
| Smoked ever 6 | 546 (37.2) | 156 (36.9) | 224 (38.7) | 166 (36.2) | 0.698 |
| Socioeconomic status 7 | |||||
| Top 10% most highly disadvantaged | 63 (4.3) | 16 (3.8) | 24 (4.1) | 23 (5.1) | 0.659 |
| Highly disadvantaged | 174 (11.9) | 51 (12.1) | 66 (11.4) | 57 (12.6) | - |
| Moderate-highly disadvantaged | 237 (16.1) | 67 (15.9) | 94 (16.2) | 76 (16.7) | - |
| Low-moderately disadvantaged | 222 (15.1) | 73 (17.3) | 77 (13.3) | 72 (15.9) | - |
| Low disadvantaged | 309 (21.0) | 84 (19.9) | 124 (21.4) | 101 (22.2) | - |
| Top 10% least disadvantaged | 451 (30.7) | 131 (31.0) | 195 (33.6) | 125 (27.5) | - |
| Dietary intakes | |||||
| Energy, kJ/day | 7097.4 ± 2077.6 | 6232.8 ± 1811.3 | 6945.4 ± 1924.6 | 8087.4 ± 2089.2 | <0.001 |
| Protein, g/day | 79.5 ± 26.6 | 67.3 ± 22.0 | 78.1 ± 25.4 | 92.5 ± 26.1 | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 952.9 ± 345.4 | 869.7 ± 327.6 | 950.5 ± 342.7 | 1032.8 ± 347.2 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol, g/day | 1.8 (0.3–9.8) | 1.8 (0.3–9.3) | 1.7 (0.3–9.3) | 2.0 (0.3–10.4) | 0.905 |
1 Data presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or number (n) and (%); 2 Vegetable serves were calculated based on the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines of a vegetable serve equal to 75 g/day; 3 p values are a comparison between groups using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square test where appropriate; 4 n = 1466; 5 n = 1467; 6 n = 1460; 7 n = 1456.