Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to fruit intake categories 1.
| Fruit Serve Intake 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 Serves/Day | 1 to <2 Serves/Day | ≥2 Serves/Day | p Value 3 | |
| Number | 417 | 560 | 491 | |
| Age, years | 74.9 ± 2.7 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 75.3 ± 2.7 | 0.140 |
| BMI 4, kg/m2 | 26.9 ± 4.6 | 27.3 ± 4.7 | 27.4 ± 4.9 | 0.257 |
| Treatment (calcium) 5 | 210 (50.4) | 279 (49.9) | 266 (54.2) | 0.335 |
| Prevalent fracture 5 | 109 (26.2) | 154 (27.5) | 134 (27.3) | 0.894 |
| Prevalent diabetes mellitus | 19 (4.6) | 32 (5.7) | 39 (7.9) | 0.092 |
| Physical activity 4, kJ/day | 399.2 (0.0–806.6) | 451.7 (70.6–811.6) | 532.7 (210.2–928.8) | 0.002 |
| Smoked ever 6 | 178 (42.9) | 175 (31.5) | 193 (39.5) | 0.001 |
| Socioeconomic status 7 | ||||
| Top 10% most highly disadvantaged | 18 (4.4) | 24 (4.3) | 21 (4.3) | 0.998 |
| Highly disadvantaged | 54 (13.1) | 65 (11.7) | 55 (11.3) | - |
| Moderate-highly disadvantaged | 70 (16.9) | 90 (16.2) | 77 (15.8) | - |
| Low-moderately disadvantaged | 63 (15.3) | 82 (14.7) | 77 (15.8) | - |
| Low disadvantaged | 85 (20.6) | 123 (22.1) | 101 (20.7) | - |
| Top 10% least disadvantaged | 123 (29.8) | 172 (30.9) | 156 (32.0) | - |
| Dietary intakes | ||||
| Energy, kJ/day | 6829.9 ± 1948.7 | 6812.5 ± 2003.7 | 7649.7 ± 2158.5 | <0.001 |
| Protein, g/day | 75.5 ± 24.9 | 76.2 ± 24.7 | 86.6 ± 28.5 | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 854.9 ± 306.2 | 952.1 ± 338.8 | 1037.2 ± 362.5 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol, g/day | 2.6 (0.3–11.9) | 1.8 (0.4–9.3) | 1.2 (0.1–7.9) | 0.008 |
1 Data presented as mean ± SD, median [interquartile range] or number (n) and (%); 2 Fruit serves were calculated based on the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines of a fruit serve equal to 150 g/day; 3 p values are a comparison between groups using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square test where appropriate; 4 n = 1466; 5 n = 1467; 6 n = 1460; 7 n = 1456.