Table 1.
Characteristics of women and children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon who participated in the baseline and post-fortification surveys.
| Pre-Fortification (2009) | Post-Fortification (2012) | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SE or % | n | Mean ± SE or % | |||
| Women | ||||||
| Age, year | 279 | 27.1 ± 0.4 | 302 | 29.1 ± 0.4 | 0.002 | |
| Pregnant, % | 214 | 11 | 293 | 16 | 0.07 | |
| Lactating, % | 228 | 26 | 302 | 28 | 0.71 | |
| Received postpartum VAS 1 (among lactating women) 2, % | 106 | 43 | 131 | 47 | 0.54 | |
| Milk fat content 2, g/L | 130 | 47.1 ± 2.4 | 151 | 51.7 ± 3.5 | 0.075 | |
| CRP, mg/L | 273 | 2.67 ± 0.22 | 305 | 3.52 ± 0.37 | 0.0002 | |
| AGP, g/L | 273 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 305 | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 0.070 | |
| Inflammation, % | 273 | 18 | 305 | 22 | 0.19 | |
| Malaria, % | 261 | 7 | 299 | 5 | 0.39 | |
| Children | ||||||
| Age, year | 272 | 30.3 ± 1.0 | 303 | 32.9 ± 0.8 | 0.036 | |
| Male, % | 288 | 49 | 308 | 50 | 0.86 | |
| Stunted (HAZ < −2), % | 255 | 13.0 | 300 | 15.6 | 0.29 | |
| Breastfeeding, % | 239 | 5 | 281 | 4 | 0.69 | |
| Received VAS in past 6 month, % | 233 | 76 | 289 | 51 | 0.002 | |
| CRP, mg/L | 254 | 4.20 ± 0.33 | 297 | 4.49 ± 0.45 | 0.58 | |
| AGP, g/L | 254 | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 297 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.12 | |
| Inflammation, % | 254 | 38 | 297 | 46 | 0.10 | |
| Malaria, % | 234 | 13 | 294 | 8 | 0.088 | |
1 AGP, α1-acid glycoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; HAZ, height-for-age Z-score; VAS, vitamin A supplement. 2 Includes women who provided breast milk only.