. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008 Jun;82(6):453–463. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20457

Table 4.

Effect of maternal hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and anti-oxidants on fetal outflow tract development

Treatment	normal	OFT defect
Controls:
PBS	26	0
PG	27	0
GSH	17	0
Vit E	26	0
Hyperglycemia:
Glucose	24	32^a
Glucose + GSH	21	4^b
Glucose + Vit E	22	4^b
Oxidative Stress:
AA	6	18^a
AA + GSH	20	2^c
AA + Vit E	22	6^d

Fetuses from control (PBS- or PG-injected), glucose-, or AA-injected FVB pregnancies were obtained on day 16.5 and the fetal hearts were examined for cardiac outflow tract (OFT) defects.

p < 0.0001 vs. PBS or PG

p = 0.0006 vs. glucose, NS vs. PBS

p < 0.0001 vs. AA, NS vs. PG

p = 0.0005 vs. AA, NS vs. PG