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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Active shape memory polymer catheter end or pincer. (a) Prototype example; (b) Training process; (c) Geometrical recovery after coating with conductive ink and applying voltage; (d) Infrared thermographs showing the heating process and the related shape recovery.