Transient and permanent expression of the transferred DNA. (a) Overview of the experimental design to detect transient expression or stable integration of the transferred DNA. After infection of human cell lines with B. henselae, the DNA transferred through the T4SS will get to the nucleus where genes will be expressed. At 3 days postinfection, transient expression of gfp can be detected by flow cytometry. Antibiotic treatment was applied for long-term selection of neomycin-resistant colonies, to detect stable integration events. (b to d) Graphic representation of the percentage of GFP-positive cells obtained 3 days postinfection (b) and the number of G418-resistant colonies normalized for the number of cells at the beginning of the selection (c), as well as the Neor/GFP+ ratio (d). The different bars represented for each cell line correspond to the different relaxases under study, following the color code indicated in the squares at the top right. Data represent the means of the results from at least 3 independent experiments. Error bars indicate standard deviations. *, P < 0.05.