Supplementary Table 2.
Extra details of characteristics of each study for exploration of heterogeneity factors.
| First Author | Geographic area | Total N | Total age | Total male | Total DM | Total HTN | Total MI | Total diuretic | Total ACEI | Total. statin | Total BB | AC-code | Chronic or not | CS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negreva [9] | European | 103 | 59.67 | 50.45 | 4.8 | 68.96 | ND | ND | 28.165 | 6.805 | 34.97 | 1 | Acute | 14.5 |
| Amdur [10] | North America | 3762 | 58.9 | 54.55 | 49.8 | 86.7 | ND | 64.65 | 69.85 | ND | 56.1 | 4 | No detection | ND |
| Yusuf (disease control) [11] | Asian | 65 | 31.5 | 42.85 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Yusuf (healthy control) [11] | Asian | 65 | 30.055 | 38.55 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Drabik (persistent) [12] | European | 97 | 60.1 | 64.95 | 20 | 48.85 | 17.35 | ND | 52.25 | 53.15 | 60.6 | 4 | Acute | 22.5 |
| Drabik (PAF) [12] | European | 91 | 60 | 55.15 | 16.4 | 46.05 | 26.65 | ND | 54.05 | 47.45 | 57.25 | 4 | Acute | 20 |
| Borgi [13] | Africa | 69 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | ND |
| Oneal (with comorbidities) [14] | North America | 647 | 69.5 | 54 | 32.5 | 70 | ND | ND | ND | 29.5 | ND | 4 | No detection | 15 |
| Oneal (with comorbidities) [14] | North America | 883 | 64.5 | 32.5 | 29.5 | 54.5 | ND | ND | ND | 30 | ND | 4 | No detection | 14 |
| Erdogan [15] | European | 67 | 69.55 | 49.275 | 10 | 65 | ND | 18 | 53.5 | ND | 43.3 | 3 | Chronic | 6 |
| Chen (without comorbidities) [16] | Asian | 162 | 53.695 | 61.03 | 15 | 31.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | Acute | ND |
| Chen (with comorbidities) [16] | Asian | 207 | 55.845 | 64.2 | 13.5 | 35.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | Acute | ND |
| Schnabel [17] | European | 4998 | 60.05 | 54.5 | 10.15 | 61.95 | 8.3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | 15.3 |
| Wei-Hong Ma [18] | Asian | 105 | 58 | 72.25 | 0 | 100 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2 | No detection | ND |
| Xu (without comorbidities) [19] | Asian | 115 | 66.85 | 50.45 | 37.4 | 53.1 | ND | ND | 42.6 | 29.55 | 43.55 | 4 | Chronic | 38.5 |
| Xu (with comorbidities) [19] | Asian | 115 | 67.975 | 51.3 | 36.5 | 57.5 | ND | ND | 40.8 | 26.05 | 40.95 | 4 | Chronic | 31.2 |
| Distelmaier [20] | North America | 198 | 73.5 | 61 | 24 | 60.5 | 25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Acute | ND |
| Scridon (PAF) [21] | European | 69 | 55.5 | 78.5 | 7 | 39.5 | ND | ND | 18.5 | 13.5 | ND | 3 | Acute | 13 |
| Scridon (persistent) [21] | European | 53 | 55 | 78.5 | 7 | 35.5 | ND | ND | 24 | 15.5 | ND | 3 | Acute | 13 |
| Berge [22] | European | 189 | 75 | 71 | 8 | 48 | ND | 19 | 21 | 34.5 | 28 | 4 | No detection | ND |
| Acevedo [23] | South America | 150 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Zorlu [24] | European | 150 | 69.5 | 62 | 16 | 33 | ND | ND | 75.5 | ND | 76 | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Alonso (White) [25] | North America | 11107 | 55.7 | 52.25 | 12.05 | 34.85 | 6.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 26.7 |
| Alonso (African-American) [25] | North America | 3751 | 54.8 | 41.2 | 26.05 | 63.65 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 32 |
| Adamsson Eryd [26] | European | 6031 | 47.25 | 100 | 4.8 | 6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | 48 | |
| Fu [27] | Asian | 169 | 54.45 | 63.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 12.9 | 6.1 | 4 | No detection | 42.5 |
| Hou (disease control) [28] | Asian | 52 | 64.85 | 57.6 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 40.35 | ND | 11.45 | 4 | Acute | 26.9 |
| Hou (healthy control) [28] | Asian | 52 | 65.3 | 57.6 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | 21.15 | ND | 7.65 | 4 | Acute | 26.9 |
| Schnabel [29] | North America | 3120 | 62.05 | 52.5 | ND | 38 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | ND |
| Letsas (PAF) [30] | European | 93 | 64.4 | 59 | 6 | 60.5 | ND | ND | 43 | 15.5 | 34 | 5 | acute | ND |
| Letsas (permanent) [30] | European | 89 | 66.6 | 59.5 | 11 | 63 | ND | ND | 52.5 | 13.5 | 35.5 | 5 | chronic | ND |
| Gartner [31] | Australia | 250 | 59.45 | 65.5 | 9 | 48.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | No detection | ND |
| Targonski (PAF and PeAF) [32] | European | 56 | 63.5 | 67.7 | 44.75 | 69.6 | ND | 67.7 | 96.65 | 87.3 | 85.4 | 4 | 12.4 | |
| Targonski (Permanent) [32] | European | 73 | 69.3 | 66.4 | 33.3 | 72.2 | ND | 78.05 | 90.85 | 70.6 | 89.2 | 4 | 11.3 | |
| Marcus [33] | North America | 971 | 70 | 87.5 | 22.5 | 65.5 | 52 | ND | 57 | 59.5 | ND | 5 | No detection | 15 |
| Blann [34] | European | 82 | 64.5 | 62.75 | ND | 27 | ND | 16.5 | 19 | ND | 18.5 | 3 | No detection | 12.6 |
| Topaloglu (disease control) [35] | European | 46 | 34.5 | ND | 0 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | ND |
| Topaloglu (healthy control) [35] | European | 38 | 36 | ND | 0 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | ND |
| Cecchi (with cerebral ischemic) [36] | European | 192 | 73.5 | 60.2 | 7.25 | 45.95 | ND | 18.05 | 27.3 | 6.85 | 6.8 | 3 | No detection | 30.1 |
| Cecchi (without cerebral ischemic) [36] | European | 224 | 73 | 59.35 | 6.4 | 47.5 | ND | 20.5 | 27.05 | 7.3 | 8.05 | 3 | No detection | 25.9 |
| Turgut (disease control) [37] | European | 55 | 66.11 | 44.7 | 17.4 | 67.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | No detection | ND |
| Turgut (healthy control) [37] | European | 46 | 66.56 | 43.95 | 3.85 | 36.55 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | No detection | ND |
| Heeringa [38] | European | 486 | 77.5 | 51 | 17.5 | 25 | 22.5 | 31.65 | ND | ND | 16.55 | 5 | No detection | 20.9 |
| Roldan [39] | European | 265 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | No detection | ND |
| Marin (acute AF) [40] | European | 48 | 63.5 | 50 | 0 | 8.3 | 8.3 | ND | 10.4 | ND | 8.3 | 4 | Acute | ND |
| Marin (chronic AF) [40] | European | 48 | 63.5 | 47.9 | 14.55 | 12.5 | 6.25 | ND | 6.25 | ND | 4.15 | 4 | Chronic | ND |
| Inoue (with comorbidities) [41] | Asian | 251 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | ND |
| Inoue (Lone AF) [41] | Asian | 106 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | ND |
| Conway [42] | European | 147 | 68 | 62 | 7.5 | 26.5 | 13.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3 | chronic | 16 |
| Hatzinikolaou-Kotsakou (PAF) [43] | European | 35 | 59 | 77.25 | 8.3 | 13.85 | 13.85 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Acute | 20.5 |
| Hatzinikolaou-Kotsakou (persistent) [43] | European | 34 | 60 | 73.5 | 5.85 | 20.585 | 17.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Acute | 20.8 |
| Hatzinikolaou-Kotsakou (permanent) [43] | European | 37 | 61.5 | 76.15 | 5 | 22.5 | 15 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Chronic | 24.2 |
| Conway [44] | European | 74 | 67.5 | 70.2 | 9.45 | 27 | 1.35 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Acute | 11.2 |
| Kamath (PAF and PeAF) [45] | European | 62 | 63.5 | 51.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Acute | ND |
| Kamath (permanent AF) [45] | European | 124 | 66 | 52.65 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | ND |
| Marin [46] | European | 80 | 70.5 | 55 | 19.5 | 52 | 6.5 | ND | ND | ND | 4 | 4 | Chronic | ND |
| Conway [47] | European | 486 | 77.5 | 51.05 | 8.3 | 10.595 | 8.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 10.3 |
| Kamath (PAF) [48] | European | 58 | 63 | 48.235 | 6.85 | 24.1 | 3.4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | Acute | 5.1 |
| Kamath (permanent AF) [48] | European | 116 | 65 | 52.25 | 5.15 | 30.45 | 6.85 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | Chronic | 5.1 |
| Kamath [49] | European | 143 | 70 | 63.2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 5.9 |
| Wang [50] | Asian | 3212 | 60 | 51.65 | 23.65 | 40.6 | 3.65 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | No detection | 32.6 |
| Li-saw-Hee (PAF) [51] | European | 43 | 64 | 77.3 | 2.15 | 10.85 | 6.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3 | Acute | 13.4 |
| Li-saw-Hee (PeAF) [51] | European | 43 | 64 | 77.25 | 2.15 | 13 | 4.3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3 | Acute | 11.5 |
| Li-saw-Hee (permanent) [51] | European | 43 | 65 | 77.25 | 6.52 | 23.9 | 15.2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3 | Chronic | 11.5 |
| Feng [52] | North America | 214 | 62.15 | 73.5 | 12.85 | 36 | 23.25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 6 | No detection | 16.1 |
| Topcuoglu [53] | European | 36 | 62.35 | 61.87 | 13.5 | 42.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 20 |
| Mondillo [54] | European | 80 | 66.95 | 82.85 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3 | Chronic | 33.7 |
| Giansante [55] | European | 105 | 63.5 | 55.67 | 8.5 | 29.25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Acute | 35.6 |
| Li-saw-Hee [56] | European | 112 | 67 | 77.5 | 3.85 | 12.5 | 11.55 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | 13.3 |
| Marin (disease control) [57] | European | 42 | 53.5 | 17.35 | 0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Marin (healthy control) [57] | European | 38 | ND | ND | 0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Li-saw-Hee [58] | European | 50 | 59 | 20 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Chronic | 20 |
| Roldan [59] | European | 56 | 62 | ND | 0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | ND |
| Tsai [50] | Asian | 111 | 64 | 74.45 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 4 | Chronic | ND |
| Minamino [61] | Asian | 90 | 63 | 73.3 | 12.5 | 23.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | 14.5 | 5 | Chronic | ND |
| Kahn [62] | North America | 81 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | ND |
| Sohara [63] | Asian | 30 | 59.1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Acute | ND |
| Lip (PAF)[64] | European | 188 | 59.85 | 57.8 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Acute | 30 |
| Lip (chronic) [64] | European | 214 | 61.8 | 56.37 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | 33 |
| Lip [65] | European | 77 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | ND |
| Mitusch [66] | European | 97 | 71 | 51.35 | 25 | 67 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Nagao [67] | Asian | 36 | 79.95 | 44.575 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | ND |
| Lip [68] | European | 245 | 61.15 | 53.3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | Chronic | ND |
| Sohara [69] | Asian | 22 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Acute | ND |
| Kumagai [70] | Asian | 94 | 62.5 | 48.15 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | Chronic | ND |
| Gustafsson (with stroke) [71] | European | 60 | 77 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 30 |
| Gustafsson (without stroke) [71] | European | 60 | 77 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1 | No detection | 25 |