Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics between patients with and without splenorenal shunt.
| Variables | With splenorenal shunt (n=11) | Without splenorenal shunt (n=94) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean or frequency (percentage) | Std. deviation | N | Mean or frequency (percentage) | Std. deviation | ||
| Age (years) | 11 | 56.89 | 12.98 | 94 | 55.02 | 13.07 | 0.653 |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 11 | 6 (54.5%)/5 (45.5%) | 94 | 65 (69.1%)/29 (30.9%) | 0.327 | ||
| Etiology of liver diseases – n. | 11 | 94 | 0.059 | ||||
| – Hepatitis B virus alone | 4 (36.4%) | 28 (29.8%) | |||||
| – Hepatitis C virus alone | 0 (0%) | 7 (7.4%) | |||||
| – Hepatitis B + C virus | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.2%) | |||||
| – Alcohol | 0 (0%) | 27 (28.7%) | |||||
| – Hepatitis B virus + Alcohol | 3 (27.3%) | 7 (7.4%) | |||||
| – Hepatitis C virus + Alcohol | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |||||
| – Autoimmunity | 3 (27.3%) | 2 (2.2%) | |||||
| – Drug-related | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.2%) | |||||
| – Unknown | 1 (9.1%) | 17 (18.1%) | |||||
| Diabetes – n. | 11 | 2 (18.2%) | 94 | 11 (11.7%) | 0.537 | ||
| Ascites – n. | 11 | 7 (63.6%) | 94 | 52 (55.3%) | 0.599 | ||
| Hepatic encephalopathy – n. | 11 | 2 (18.2%) | 94 | 4 (4.3%) | 0.062 | ||
| Acute upper-gastrointestinal bleeding – n. | 11 | 0 (0%) | 94 | 17 (18.1%) | 0.205 | ||
| Esophageal varices at endoscopy – n. | 3 | 39 | 0.066 | ||||
| – No | 0 (0%) | 10 (25.6%) | |||||
| – Mild | 1 (33.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | |||||
| – Moderate | 0 (0%) | 9 (23.1%) | |||||
| – Severe | 2 (66.7%) | 19 (48.7%) | |||||
| Gastric varices at endoscopy – n. | 3 | 3 (100%) | 39 | 21 (53.8%) | 0.247 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 10 | 89.90 | 24.53 | 92 | 107.95 | 30.45 | 0.073 |
| White blood cell count (109/L) | 10 | 5.19 | 4.25 | 92 | 4.94 | 3.10 | 0.814 |
| Platelet count (109/L) | 10 | 90.50 | 60.55 | 92 | 93.24 | 78.47 | 0.915 |
| Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 11 | 52.56 | 31.01 | 93 | 47.95 | 75.34 | 0.842 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 11 | 25.70 | 5.92 | 92 | 33.12 | 6.39 | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 11 | 56.09 | 70.28 | 93 | 51.08 | 62.57 | 0.804 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 11 | 91.09 | 59.43 | 93 | 72.12 | 101.77 | 0.547 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 11 | 182.85 | 134.31 | 93 | 109.96 | 68.21 | 0.004 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 11 | 218.27 | 254.72 | 93 | 152.81 | 217.97 | 0.357 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 10 | 6.98 | 3.73 | 92 | 5.68 | 2.45 | 0.134 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 10 | 71.75 | 38.85 | 92 | 58.08 | 18.73 | 0.057 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 10 | 3.89 | 0.50 | 93 | 4.05 | 0.46 | 0.298 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 10 | 136.91 | 4.09 | 93 | 138.14 | 6.71 | 0.573 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 10 | 18.88 | 4.94 | 93 | 16.06 | 6.66 | 0.198 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds) | 10 | 49.23 | 13.81 | 93 | 44.68 | 16.80 | 0.411 |
| International normalized ratio | 10 | 1.61 | 0.55 | 93 | 1.32 | 0.86 | 0.309 |
| Serum ammonia (umol/L) | 6 | 60.50 | 27.19 | 47 | 44.19 | 33.01 | 0.698 |
| Child-Pugh score | 10 | 9.50 | 1.65 | 90 | 7.43 | 2.02 | 0.002 |
| Child-Pugh class A/B/C | 10 | 0 (0%)/ 3 (30%)/ 7 (70%) | 90 | 37 (41.1%)/37 (41.1%)/16 (17.8%) | 0.001 | ||
| MELD score | 10 | 11.26 | 7.29 | 90 | 5.67 | 6.83 | 0.017 |
| Maximum diameter of spleen (mm) | 11 | 147.71 | 25.84 | 94 | 139.40 | 31.30 | 0.399 |
| Maximum diameter of splenic vein (mm) | 11 | 10.43 | 1.79 | 94 | 10.71 | 4.01 | 0.816 |
| Maximum diameter of main portal vein (mm) | 11 | 12.30 | 5.35 | 94 | 19.05 | 4.70 | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 11 | 0 (0%) | 94 | 4 (4.3%) | 1.000 | ||