Time course of organ dysfunction after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell administration in grade 3 and 4 cytokine release syndrome patients. The number of patients with each organ dysfunction on each day after CAR cell administration is presented. A, Cardiovascular dysfunction—use of vasoactive drug to support hemodynamic status (dopamine > 5 μg/kg/min or any dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, or milrinone). B, Respiratory failure—invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. C, Hepatic dysfunction—total bilirubin greater than or equal to 4 mg/dL or alanine aminotransferase greater than 2× upper limit of normal for age. D, Renal dysfunction—two-fold increase in baseline creatinine. E, Encephalopathy—altered mental status or seizure. F, Hematologic dysfunction—international normalized ratio greater than 2.