Figure 2.

Treatment with a combination of SFN and paclitaxel activates extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 5 µM SFN alone, 10 nM paclitaxel alone, or 10 mM paclitaxel and 5 µM SFN for 24 h. Subsequent western blotting for caspase-8, −9 and −3 was performed. (B) Caspase activity relative to the Con cells was determined. (C) Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using flow cytometry and a 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide dye. (D) The extent of cytochrome c translocation into the cytosol was analyzed with western blotting. SFN, sulforaphane; Cas, caspase; Con, control; Cyto, cytochrome.