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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results: (a) Ge 3d core levels; (b) Ge 2p core levels and (c) Mn 2p core levels. For (a) and (b), the spectra obtained on a clean Ge(001) (2 × 1) are also represented. All spectra are fitted by using Voigt doublets and integral inelastic backgrounds (see the Experimental section for details). Inserts in (b) are detailed regions of the Ge 2p3/2 core level.
