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. 2014 Mar 12;7(3):2087–2103. doi: 10.3390/ma7032087

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

(a) Activation of NF-κB in THP1 reporter cell line to determine the immunostimulatory capacity of alginate in the six different steps of purification. (b) This activation was completely MyD88 dependent as it was not present in THP1 cell-line that has a non-functional MyD88. Activation of NF-κB was almost completely gone after the first steps of purification. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). All the purification steps presented a statistically significant response (p < 0.001) when compared with crude alginate (step 0) or with purified alginate (step 6). LPS (1 μg/mL) was used as positive control for the THP1-cell line, and induced an activation of NF-κB of 1.039 ± 0.081. For the THP1 cell line presenting a MyD88 non-functional protein, Tri-DAP (10 µg/mL) was used as a positive control, with a NF-κB activation of 0.053 ± 0.006.