Table 2.
Nationally representative visits with provision of guideline-adherent care among patients with suspected kidney stone (univariate analysis).
| Characteristic | Laboratory Testing | P Value (Labs) | Imaging | P Value (Imaging) | Medical Expulsive Therapy | P Value (MET) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1957851 (40) | -- | 3122229 (63) | -- | 570060 (14) | -- |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1083744 (40) | 0.93 | 1796672 (66) | 0.04 | 413640 (17) | <0.001 |
| Female | 874107 (39) | 1325557 (60) | 156420 (9) | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White, Non-Hispanic | 1586552 (41) | 2502077 (64) | 468174(14) | |||
| Hispanic | 180062 (36) | 0.50 | 318810 (55) | 0.37 | a | -- |
| Black/Other, Non-Hispanic | 191237 (35) | 301342 (64) | a | |||
| Primary Payer | ||||||
| Private | 989881 (37) | 1723633 (65) | 376442 (17) | |||
| Medicare | 247181 (43) | 0.64 | 349162 (61) | 0.78 | a | -- |
| Medicaid | 236513 (42) | 335773 (60) | a | |||
| Self-pay/other | 374774 (40) | 590113 (63) | a | |||
| Arrived by EMS | ||||||
| No | 1722880 (39) | 0.68 | 2738400 (63) | 0.44 | 520305 (14) | -- |
| Yes | 165578 (42) | 268450 (68) | a | |||
| Physician Extender Seen | ||||||
| No | 1738589 (39) | 0.33 | 2784148 (62) | 0.32 | 476270 (13) | -- |
| Yes | 219262 (44) | 338081 (68) | a | |||
| Teaching Status | ||||||
| No | 1776968 (39) | 0.42 | 2837503 (62) | 0.30 | 519321 (13) | -- |
| Yes | 180883 (44) | 284726 (69) | a | |||
| Ownership status | ||||||
| Voluntary non-profit | 1542097 (40) | 2435064 (64) | 448649 (14) | |||
| Government, non-federal | 222555 (42) | 0.31 | 326393 (61) | 0.81 | a | -- |
| Proprietary | 193199 (33) | 360772 (60) | a | |||
| Region | ||||||
| Northeast | 398652 (46) | 563439 (65) | 102389 (14) | |||
| Midwest | 486608 (43) | 0.03 | 769342 (68) | 0.40 | 152627 (17) | 0.57 |
| South | 797775 (40) | 1218130 (61) | 229834 (13) | |||
| West | 274816 (29) | 571318 (60) | 85210 (10) | |||
| Year | ||||||
| 2007 | 507584 (41) | 734217 (59) | a | |||
| 2008 | 478792 (39) | 0.53 | 789569 (64) | 0.39 | 129657 (13) | -- |
| 2009 | 463739 (35) | 804220 (61) | 175414 (16) | |||
| 2010 | 507736 (43) | 794223 (68) | 197120 (20) | |||
| Educationb | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 504392 (35) | 870354 (60) | 139974 (11) | |||
| Quartile 2 | 503030 (45) | 0.23 | 714568 (63) | 0.72 | 129651 (14) | 0.82 |
| Quartile 3 | 412890 (38) | 726009 (66) | 121007 (13) | |||
| Quartile 4 | 412295 (43) | 625283 (65) | 123134 (15) | |||
| Household Income | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 433027 (38) | 637187 (56) | 104273 (10) | |||
| Quartile 2 | 435424 (40) | 0.98 | 712343 (65) | 0.16 | 134708 (15) | 0.68 |
| Quartile 3 | 514344 (40) | 836659 (65) | 147288 (14) | |||
| Quartile 4 | 449812 (40) | 750025 (68) | 127497 (13) | |||
| Poverty Level in ZIP | ||||||
| < 5% | 439730 (44) | 667829 (67) | 127260 (15) | |||
| 5–9.99% | 551827 (38) | 0.60 | 987029 (68) | 0.12 | 163741 (13) | -- |
| 10–19.99% | 562922 (40) | 847981 (60) | 130764 (11) | |||
| ≥ 20% | 278128 (36) | 433375 (67) | a | |||
| MSA | ||||||
| No | 254588 (30) | 0.02 | 427876 (50) | 0.002 | 516492 (15) | -- |
| Yes | 1703263 (41) | 2694353 (66) | a |
a
Too few unweighted observations for reliable estimate per NCHS analytic guidelines. -- indicates no statistical hypothesis test performed due to NCHS guidelines.
b
% adults with Bachelor’s degree in patient’s ZIP code, quartile