Table 2.
Decision Times, Contributions, and Sample Sizes in Each Lab, Shown With and Without Exclusions
| Time pressure | Forced delay | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lab | Condition | N | Decision time M (SD) |
Contribution M (SD) |
N | Decision time M (SD) |
Contribution M (SD) |
| Aczel | All participants | 101 | 13.9 (5.4) | 85.7 (20.8) | 102 | 26.5 (11) | 80.2 (26.5) |
| Excluding experienced | 82 | 14.2 (5.4) | 87.4 (19) | 87 | 26.3 (10.9) | 81.2 (26.9) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 20 | 8 (0.9) | 96.2 (10.1) | 99 | 27.1 (10.7) | 80.6 (25.5) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 58 | 12.8 (4.3) | 92.1 (15.3) | 58 | 26.9 (10) | 84.7 (22.5) | |
| Any exclusion | 7 | 7.8 (0.6) | 97.4 (6.9) | 49 | 27 (10.5) | 86.8 (21.3) | |
| Bègue | All participants | 107 | 14.7 (6.7) | 64.3 (38.1) | 114 | 33.5 (24.9) | 64.6 (35.1) |
| Excluding experienced | 86 | 14.3 (6.7) | 65.1 (38.9) | 97 | 33.2 (21.7) | 63.2 (37) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 25 | 8.3 (1.4) | 86.5 (29.6) | 109 | 34.7 (24.8) | 63.6 (35.1) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 65 | 14 (5.5) | 66.7 (38.1) | 71 | 35.9 (27.2) | 62.7 (38.2) | |
| Any exclusion | 16 | 8 (1.6) | 89.6 (28.5) | 59 | 35.7 (21.3) | 60.5 (40.2) | |
| Bouwmeester | All participants | 87 | 15 (7.4) | 54.3 (36.7) | 82 | 32.6 (24) | 58.2 (33.7) |
| Excluding experienced | 65 | 15.7 (8) | 54.1 (36.5) | 63 | 34.8 (26.5) | 58.6 (34.8) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 15 | 7.4 (2) | 69.2 (45.5) | 80 | 33.2 (24) | 58.4 (33.1) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 67 | 15.4 (7.9) | 56.1 (37.7) | 58 | 34.4 (26.8) | 58.7 (32.7) | |
| Any exclusion | 6 | 7 (2.4) | 83.3 (40.8) | 43 | 37.7 (29.9) | 58.2 (34.4) | |
| Espín | All participants | 77 | 12.7 (7.3) | 55 (38.1) | 80 | 24.2 (12.7) | 57.2 (35.6) |
| Excluding experienced | 39 | 14.4 (9.5) | 53.4 (42.8) | 43 | 26.5 (13.6) | 61.1 (33.9) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 31 | 7.9 (1.7) | 68.8 (38) | 71 | 26.3 (11.9) | 55.6 (34.6) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 29 | 12.3 (7.2) | 52.6 (40.7) | 32 | 23.3 (14.3) | 57.8 (38.4) | |
| Any exclusion | 8 | 7.8 (1) | 64.8 (48.9) | 15 | 32.7 (15.1) | 51.1 (33.2) | |
| Evans | All participants | 72 | 15.3 (8.7) | 59 (35.2) | 72 | 32.4 (16.7) | 61.6 (29.6) |
| Excluding experienced | 19 | 13.2 (4.8) | 54.2 (39) | 22 | 32.1 (19.7) | 54 (30.1) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 23 | 8 (1.8) | 71.3 (38.6) | 72 | 32.4 (16.7) | 61.6 (29.6) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 60 | 16 (8.9) | 56.8 (35) | 58 | 32.5 (17.3) | 60.5 (29.1) | |
| Any exclusion | 5 | 8.3 (1) | 60.1 (42.4) | 18 | 33.7 (21.4) | 52.6 (32.5) | |
| Ferreira-Santos | All participants | 81 | 13.8 (10) | 61.5 (28.5) | 82 | 24.7 (15.1) | 60.3 (34) |
| Excluding experienced | 57 | 12.9 (5.8) | 61 (29.7) | 61 | 23.9 (10.8) | 58.7 (33.8) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 22 | 8.3 (1.7) | 76.8 (27.1) | 78 | 25.6 (15) | 59.7 (33.7) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 43 | 13.4 (6.6) | 67.9 (25.3) | 36 | 25.2 (18.2) | 62.1 (36.5) | |
| Any exclusion | 8 | 8.1 (2) | 79.4 (26.5) | 28 | 23.9 (6.9) | 60.4 (36.8) | |
| Fiedler | All participants | 79 | 12.2 (4.9) | 74.0 (32.7) | 75 | 27.6 (15.9) | 66.2 (39.3) |
| Excluding experienced | 54 | 11.7 (4.5) | 75.6 (31.5) | 48 | 29.4 (16.4) | 67.4 (38.4) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 31 | 7.5 (1.7) | 92.4 (20.8) | 68 | 29.8 (15.1) | 62.7 (39.6) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 58 | 12.7 (5.2) | 74.2 (34.6) | 53 | 28.0 (16.9) | 69.5 (37.7) | |
| Any exclusion | 15 | 7.4 (1.6) | 89.8 (27.2) | 33 | 30.4 (17.1) | 70.1 (36.9) | |
| Hauser | All participants | 84 | 11.6 (4.5) | 52.1 (39.8) | 82 | 24.4 (14.8) | 54.1 (41.1) |
| Excluding experienced | 26 | 11.8 (4.2) | 65.8 (37.3) | 35 | 26.8 (14.5) | 56.7 (39.3) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 38 | 8 (1.4) | 53.3 (42.2) | 72 | 27 (14) | 51.9 (39.9) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 73 | 11.7 (4.5) | 50 (39.7) | 68 | 23.9 (15.1) | 54.7 (41.8) | |
| Any exclusion | 8 | 7.8 (1.3) | 78.8 (36.4) | 25 | 28.8 (14.7) | 55.7 (40) | |
| Hernan | All participants | 90 | 11.5 (5.1) | 47.2 (39.3) | 92 | 27.2 (20) | 49.7 (40.2) |
| Excluding experienced | 9 | 16.3 (8.3) | 51.9 (33.3) | 6 | 35.7 (34.7) | 83.3 (27) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 43 | 7.5 (1.6) | 48.3 (46.7) | 88 | 28 (20) | 50.8 (39.7) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 60 | 11.1 (5.6) | 45.9 (40.4) | 64 | 28.2 (22.2) | 50.2 (38.8) | |
| Any exclusion | 1 | 7.5 (NA) | 100 (NA) | 4 | 36.2 (41) | 75 (30.6) | |
| Lohse | All participants | 76 | 13.9 (7.8) | 54.2 (38.6) | 80 | 27.9 (15.3) | 60.3 (33.5) |
| Excluding experienced | 20 | 12.7 (6.1) | 57.3 (38.1) | 26 | 29.3 (13.9) | 55.3 (33.6) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 25 | 8.2 (1.4) | 62.8 (43.2) | 77 | 28.8 (15) | 59.1 (33.5) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 49 | 12.8 (6.7) | 55.6 (41.3) | 56 | 30.1 (16.7) | 62.2 (35.9) | |
| Any exclusion | 6 | 8.6 (1.8) | 59.1 (48) | 15 | 32.4 (14.3) | 57.6 (38.4) | |
| Mischkowski | All participants | 97 | 12.2 (4.4) | 54.3 (35) | 91 | 22 (10.8) | 59.4 (36.3) |
| Excluding experienced | 29 | 13.1 (5.2) | 57.6 (34) | 19 | 26 (14.1) | 73.9 (30.7) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 29 | 7.9 (1.8) | 60.5 (41.6) | 84 | 23.2 (10.2) | 60.2 (35.2) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 62 | 12.5 (4.9) | 49.3 (37.1) | 60 | 22.3 (10.1) | 60.1 (38) | |
| Any exclusion | 3 | 7.9 (1.5) | 72.4 (47.8) | 10 | 25 (9.4) | 83.6 (23) | |
| Neal | All participants | 81 | 13 (5.9) | 74.2 (34.4) | 75 | 30.3 (18.8) | 69.3 (39.5) |
| Excluding experienced | 72 | 13.1 (5.5) | 73.7 (34.7) | 64 | 30.3 (18.9) | 71 (38.9) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 27 | 7.5 (1.8) | 86.6 (30.9) | 74 | 30.6 (18.7) | 68.9 (39.6) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 47 | 12.6 (6.4) | 74 (36.2) | 39 | 33.1 (21.7) | 73.9 (36.5) | |
| Any exclusion | 14 | 7.4 (1.8) | 94.2 (21.6) | 33 | 33.3 (21.1) | 72.6 (36.3) | |
| Novakova | All participants | 101 | 13.3 (6.3) | 67.5 (33) | 101 | 25.8 (18.7) | 65 (36.7) |
| Excluding experienced | 56 | 12.5 (6.1) | 68.9 (30.9) | 55 | 29.4 (20.3) | 74 (27.6) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 36 | 7.7 (1.6) | 77.5 (32.6) | 87 | 28.8 (18.4) | 63.5 (35.8) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 69 | 13.2 (6.8) | 65.1 (34.6) | 75 | 25.7 (20.1) | 63.4 (37.8) | |
| Any exclusion | 18 | 7.7 (1.6) | 69 (38.6) | 33 | 31.7 (22.6) | 73.5 (28.2) | |
| Pagà | All participants | 79 | 12.2 (5.9) | 44.2 (38.8) | 78 | 22.7 (17.2) | 49.8 (38.7) |
| Excluding experienced | 21 | 12.1 (4.4) | 39.4 (29) | 27 | 17.4 (12.5) | 57.4 (39.4) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 37 | 8.1 (1.5) | 44.6 (44) | 62 | 26.9 (17) | 50.3 (36.5) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 58 | 12.2 (6) | 37.9 (38) | 58 | 25.4 (18.3) | 44.1 (37) | |
| Any exclusion | 7 | 8.2 (1.5) | 33.2 (37.8) | 11 | 23.3 (12) | 42.4 (35.4) | |
| Piovesan | All participants | 107 | 13.1 (6.9) | 53.5 (36.2) | 109 | 26.9 (18.8) | 61 (39.4) |
| Excluding experienced | 91 | 12.9 (6.4) | 52.1 (36.2) | 83 | 28.2 (20.1) | 61.9 (39) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 42 | 7.6 (1.7) | 73.3 (35.9) | 100 | 28.7 (18.6) | 60 (39) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 65 | 11.7 (5.4) | 53.9 (37.8) | 57 | 23.8 (15.1) | 61.9 (42.5) | |
| Any exclusion | 26 | 7.5 (1.8) | 71.7 (35.6) | 40 | 26.2 (14.6) | 61.2 (42.5) | |
| Salomon | All participants | 98 | 12 (5.8) | 62.9 (38.3) | 100 | 33.7 (34.2) | 63.2 (36.7) |
| Excluding experienced | 74 | 12.3 (5.9) | 61.8 (38.1) | 69 | 30.3 (24.9) | 66.6 (35.6) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 40 | 7.6 (1.8) | 69.4 (42.6) | 91 | 36.4 (34.6) | 59.5 (36.5) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 71 | 11.7 (5.2) | 66.7 (37.7) | 72 | 33.9 (27.1) | 65.4 (36.8) | |
| Any exclusion | 19 | 7.2 (1.8) | 78 (39.9) | 46 | 34.8 (26.4) | 64.4 (36.8) | |
| Srinivasan | All participants | 88 | 41.1 (32.6) | 58.1 (35.4) | 89 | 42.5 (29.5) | 50.6 (36) |
| Excluding experienced | 26 | 38.4 (42.9) | 53.6 (40.1) | 43 | 35.9 (25) | 52.6 (37.4) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 8 | 8.1 (2.1) | 68 (38) | 85 | 44.2 (29.1) | 49.9 (35.7) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 20 | 42.1 (34.7) | 65.9 (39.6) | 19 | 32.1 (17.5) | 57.5 (42.1) | |
| Any exclusion | 0 | NA (NA) | NA (NA) | 7 | 31.2 (11.8) | 71.1 (36.7) | |
| Tinghög | All participants | 83 | 12 (5.3) | 65.5 (35.6) | 81 | 30 (24.7) | 74.9 (33) |
| Excluding experienced | 58 | 11.9 (5.5) | 68.8 (33.3) | 72 | 29 (21.5) | 75.7 (32.5) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 35 | 7.9 (1.9) | 66.6 (41.5) | 72 | 32.9 (24.7) | 74 (32.9) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 54 | 12.3 (5.5) | 68.3 (34.9) | 55 | 34.3 (28.1) | 75.7 (33.2) | |
| Any exclusion | 15 | 8.1 (1.7) | 75.3 (36.8) | 46 | 34.5 (23.8) | 76 (32.4) | |
| Trueblood | All participants | 75 | 12.1 (5.6) | 66.7 (33.2) | 68 | 27.7 (13.1) | 66.6 (39.8) |
| Excluding experienced | 57 | 11.8 (5.1) | 70.1 (31.6) | 49 | 28.5 (13.3) | 68.6 (39.7) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 33 | 7.5 (1.9) | 83.1 (31.7) | 63 | 29.3 (12.1) | 67.1 (39) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 57 | 11.7 (5.1) | 67.1 (36.5) | 52 | 28 (14) | 63.9 (42.1) | |
| Any exclusion | 20 | 7.5 (1.9) | 92 (25.5) | 36 | 30.7 (13) | 67.6 (40.3) | |
| Wills | All participants | 75 | 11.8 (4.5) | 48.3 (39.3) | 72 | 25.5 (23.4) | 49.8 (38) |
| Excluding experienced | 18 | 11.8 (3.9) | 39.5 (41.3) | 15 | 32.3 (29.8) | 63.9 (34) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 31 | 8 (1.3) | 52.6 (47.4) | 66 | 27.2 (23.8) | 47 (36.9) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 57 | 11.4 (3.8) | 49.5 (39.5) | 48 | 27.1 (26.7) | 49.4 (39.4) | |
| Any exclusion | 5 | 7.7 (1.5) | 60 (54.8) | 5 | 43.9 (46.7) | 61 (38.5) | |
| Wollbrant | All participants | 66 | 11.6 (4.7) | 71.2 (35.3) | 67 | 26.8 (23.8) | 69 (38) |
| Excluding experienced | 23 | 12.5 (6.3) | 66.7 (38.4) | 34 | 30.3 (29.8) | 74.9 (35.6) | |
| Excluding noncompliant | 27 | 7.9 (1.6) | 80.3 (36.2) | 60 | 29 (24.2) | 67 (37.9) | |
| Excluding noncomprehending | 41 | 11.1 (3.6) | 65.5 (38.6) | 52 | 26 (24.6) | 70.2 (38.1) | |
| Any exclusion | 6 | 8 (1.7) | 83.3 (40.8) | 23 | 34.3 (34.1) | 73.8 (37.4) | |