Table 3. Exhaled alveolar concentrations of selected VOC in the study population.
| Ammonia [ppbV] | Methylamine [ppbV] | Ethanol [ppbV] | Acetone [ppbV] | DMS [ppbV] | Isoprene [ppbV] | Pentanal [ppbV] | Heptanal [ppbV] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 60) | 284 a, b, c, d, e, f) (43.2–830) | 10.1 a, b, c, d, e, f) (5.14–144) | 82.41 a, b, c, d, e) (20.73–554.3) | 232 (186–306) | 10.0 a, b) (0.99–151) | 49.6 a, b, d, e) (7.44–153) | 5.30 a, b, c, d) (1.36–36.9) | 2.78 a, b, c, d, e) (0.52–9.88) |
| Patients (n = 56) | 556 a) (92.3–4240) | 6.52 a) (1.42–29.0) | 146.4 a) (15.14–1349) | 226 (146–702) | 14.5 (0.18–69.7) | 70.5 a) (1.80–489) | 9.32 a) (2.73–59.2) | 5.42 a) (0.17–16.2) |
| KTx (n = 8) | 757 b, h) (482–4240) | 5.35 b) (2.01–8.32) | 206.1 b) (96.78–497.9) | 239 a) (217–702) | 20.2 a) (12.5–69.7) | 101 b, c) (43.8–489) | 14.2 b, f) (8.18–30.2) | 8.29 b, g) (5.82–15.0) |
| Conservative Treatment (n = 48) | 461c, h) (92.3–840) | 6.61c) (1.42–29.0) | 137.2 c) (15.14–1349) | 223 a) (146–276) | 12.6 (0.18–57.7) | 57.1 c) (1.80–286) | 8.08 c, f) (2.73–59.2) | 4.43 c, g) (0.17–16.2) |
| HUS (n = 9) | 770 d, g) (265–840) | 5.13 d) (2.58–19.7) | 139.0 d) (46.42–428.7) | 235 (200–276) | 19.4 b, c) (7.94–57.7) | 100 d, g) (24.9–286) | 8.18 (2.73–15.2) | 5.02 d, h) (0.66–7.87) |
| GD (n = 15) | 690 e) (135–823) | 5.94 e) (1.42–29.0) | 192.5 e, f) (46.03–1349) | 221 (146–248) | 18.5 (3.52–37.8) | 77.2 e, f) (25.5–268) | 10.3 d, e) (5.87–59.2) | 7.80 e, f, h) (4.13–12.3) |
| MF (n = 24) | 425 f, g) (92.3–773) | 7.26 f).(2.37–24.6) | 82.74 f) (15.14–1293) | 222 (193–259) | 11.1 c) (0.18–26.2) | 46.3 f, g) (1.80–248) | 7.52 e) (3.08–27.7) | 2.25 f) (0.17–16.2) |
Data is given as median and range. Superscripts denote significantly different concentrations of the respective analytes between identically labelled groups.
Ammonia: a, b, c, d, e) p ≤ 0.001; f, g) p < 0.01; h) p < 0.05
Methylamine: a, b, c, e) p < 0.001; d, f) p < 0.005
Ethanol: a, b, e) p ≤ 0.001; c) p < 0.005; d, f) p < 0.05
Acetone: a) p < 0.05
DMS: a, b, c) p < 0.05
Isoprene: a, b, c, e, f) p < 0.05; d) p < 0.001; g) p < 0.005
Pentanal: a, b, d) p ≤ 0.001; c) p < 0.005; e) p < 0.05; f) p < 0.01
Heptanal: a, b, e, f) p < 0.001; c) p ≤ 0.005; g) p < 0.01; d, h) p < 0.05