Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants at baseline by exposure status.
| Non-Functional Adrenal Tumor | No Adrenal Tumor | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 242 | 1237 | |
| Age (y) | 56.8 (11.4) | 59.6 (14.6) | 0.005 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 (7.3) | 28.1 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Female (%) | 77.7 | 70.7 | 0.03 |
| Race | 0.002 | ||
| White (%) | 60.7 | 62.3 | |
| Black (%) | 15.7 | 8.9 | |
| Hispanic (%) | 8.3 | 6.7 | |
| Other (%) | 15.3 | 22.1 | |
| Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker (%)+ | 68.6 | 72.4 | 0.24 |
| Current smoker (%) | 31.4 | 27.6 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 54.6 | 50.4 | 0.26 |
| Pre-Diabetes* (%) | 7.9 | 3.1 | <0.001 |
| Type 2 Diabetes**(%) | 20.7 | 14.2 | 0.014 |
| Composite diabetes † (%) | 28.5 | 17.3 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 46.3 | 39.9 | 0.07 |
| Coronary Artery Disease (%) | 11.2 | 10.2 | 0.64 |
| Stroke (%) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0.25 |
| Atrial Fibrillation (%) | 3.7 | 6.4 | 0.136 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (%) | 6.2 | 5.7 | 0.76 |
| History of Cardiovascular Event (%)‡ | 16.9 | 18.1 | 0.71 |
| Medication Classes Used For: | |||
| Hypertension (%) | 48.8 | 48.3 | 0.94 |
| Diabetes# (%) | 15.3 | 10.3 | 0.03 |
| Hyperlipidemia or Coronary heart disease## (%) | 35.6 | 27.9 | 0.013 |
Data are mean (SD) or number of patients (%) where applicable. P values were calculated with t tests (continuous variables) or Chi χ2 or Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables).
Presumed never smokers or former smokers who quit > 6 months ago
Pre-Diabetes: Physician diagnosis and/or two or more separate HbA1c values between 5.7–6.5% without treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents (other than metformin) or injectable diabetes medications.
Diabetes: Physician diagnosis of “type 2 diabetes mellitus” or two or more separate HbA1c values ≥ 6.5%.
Composite diabetes: Combination of Pre-diabetes and Diabetes.
History of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or interventional coronary procedure (such as coronary catheterization or coronary artery bypass graft surgery).
oral hypoglycemics or insulin
aspirin, nitrates, statins, fibrates, niacin.