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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Risk Insur. 2013 Jul 10;83(1):139–162. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6975.2013.12004.x

Table 3. Expected Claiming Ages by Frame and Respondent Characteristics, Wave 1.1.

Note: Expressed as number of months after age 62, unweighted data. See Table 2 for additional definitions.

Consumption frames Investment frames St. Dev.
Baseline Breakeven Symmetric 62 gain 66 gain 70 loss 66 loss 62 gain 66 gain 70 loss 66 loss
Sex
Male 43.4 35.8 55.6 62.6 64.7 53.8 81.8 55.9 62.2 64.2 61.1 12.0
Female 40.3 42 53.6 55.9 61.4 59.7 58 60.2 63.8 52.9 63.1 7.9

Age
18–40 41.6 35.8 65.7 65.9 66.2 64.2 73 60.5 66.6 61.2 69.8 11.6
41–50 43.7 43.6 57.1 56.9 66.5 54.7 66.9 63.4 64.3 67 65.8 8.8
51–55 41.4 37.4 54.5 55.7 61.1 57.7 61.2 52.9 72.7 66.9 57.5 10.1
>55 39.2 40.9 41.5 56.9 53.2 52.7 58.7 52.3 53.3 41.1 52.8 7.1

Education
HS or less 33.8 30.8 54 56.4 60.4 52.9 62.1 60.1 45.4 52.1 56.1 10.5
Some college 38.1 34.2 56.1 55.3 61.1 52.7 58.8 59.4 64.1 54.1 62.2 9.6
College 47.6 48.2 53.4 63.1 65.4 63.3 71.5 56.8 68.8 63 64.3 7.9

Income ($/year)
<35000 34.9 39.3 55.8 57.4 60.7 58.1 61 56.2 65.3 61.9 66.2 10.0
35000–74999 39.6 36.7 51.9 57.2 67.1 56.7 64.2 53.6 63.9 52.4 59.8 9.6
>75000 47.1 42.1 56.2 61.4 57.7 57.3 68 64 61 60.3 62.2 7.4

Financial Literacy
0 – 25% correct 32.5 40.1 29 38 52.3 63.4 85 45.3 56.5 66 74 17.9
26–50% correct 34.6 43.6 76.1 65.4 51.6 50.3 40.2 69.7 63.9 54.8 58.4 12.9
51–75% correct 40.4 41.4 57.4 57.9 63.1 50.6 61.8 52 65.3 52.6 65.5 8.8
76–100% correct 43.1 39.8 52.3 58.7 63.7 58.1 68 59.6 61.8 60.1 61.2 8.6

Overall
Average 41.6 39.6 54.5 58.7 62.7 57.2 65.3 58.4 63.1 57.7 62.2
SD 32.2 28.7 29.6 30.8 30.6 28.7 31.3 29.7 30.8 29.8 30.5
N 1443 147 150 145 171 154 136 157 151 95 130