Table 1.
Electrochemical detection of nineteen influenza strains and validation with rRT-PCR and cell culture plaque assays.
| Influenza strains | Plaque Assaya | rRT-PCR (CT)b | Electrochemical assay. (x 10−8 A)c |
|---|---|---|---|
| No virus + SG1 | N/A | N/A | 3.6 ± 2.2 |
| No glucose | N/A | N/A | 3.4 ± 1.4 |
| β-Galactosidase | N/A | N/A | 4.2±1.9 |
| α-Mannosidase | N/A | N/A | 4.7±1.6 |
| Glucose (1mM) | N/A | N/A | 124.9 ± 2.3 |
| A/Wilson-Smith/1933 (H1N1) | 4.2 ×106 | 18 | 99.5 ± 4.4 |
| A/PuertoRico/8/1934 (H1N1) | 1.4 ×104 | 15 | 13.4 ± 2.0 |
| A/HongKong/8/1968 (H3N2) | 1.5 × 105 | 22 | 64.4 ± 5.2 |
| A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2) | 1.0 × 105 | 15 | 31.3 ± 5.3 |
| A/Beijing/262/1995 (H1N1) | 3.5 × 105 | 21 | 118.1 ± 11.6 |
| A/Nanchang/933/1995 (H3N2) | 7.0 × 105 | 18 | 15.1 ± 2.8 |
| A/Sydney/5/1997 (H3N2) | 8.0 × 103 | 29 | 115.7 ± 4.3 |
| A/NewCaledonia/20/1999 (H1N1) | 4.4 × 107 | 12 | 17.7 ± 2.6 |
| A/SolomonIslands/3/2006 (H1N1) | 1.1 × 109 | 11 | 79.7 ± 5.0 |
| A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2) | 1.2 ×107 | 20 | 132.4 ± 6.3 |
| A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) | 2.5 × 107 | 12 | 106.2 ± 5.1 |
| A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) | 2.2 × 106 | 21 | 78.6 ± 4.9 |
| A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) | 3.6 × 106 | 13 | 13.4 ± 1.5 |
| A/New York/18/2009 (H1N1) | 3.5 × 105 | 17 | 74.4 ±5.6 |
| A/San Diego/1/2009 (H1N1) | 1.2 × 105 | 19 | 108.5 ± 12.0 |
| A/Wisconsin/629-D02452/2009 (H1N1) | 6.0 × 104 | 13 | 98.9 ± 5.7 |
| A/Wisconsin/15/2009 (H3N2) | 5.0 × 103 | 26 | 107.8 ± 5.9 |
| A/Brownsville/31H/2009 (H1N1) | 4.0 × 103 | 22 | 91.7 ± 9.7 |
| A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2) | 7.0 × 106 | 26 | 94.5 ± 2.3 |
a
Reported in pfu/ml.
b
rRT-PCR was performed using 100 μL of virus.
c
100 μL of virus was mixed with 100 μL of PBS buffer with SG1 for 1 hour at 37 °C. Glucose concentration was determined using 20 μL of this solution.