TABLE 3.
Coefficient of Determination Values for Individual Genes, Joint Impact of the 4 Genes, and Deletion Type
| NIPA1 | NIPA2 | CYFIP1 | GCP5 | Joint Impact (All 4 Genes) | Deletion Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maladaptive behavior | ||||||
| SIB: externalized maladaptive index | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.23 |
| SIB: disruptive behavior-frequency | 0.75 | 0.47 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.97 | 0.22 |
| SIB: disruptive behavior-severity | 0.65 | 0.40 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.42 |
| Adaptive behavior | ||||||
| SIB: broad independence score (standard score) | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.78 | 0.12 |
| SIB: motor skills | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.17 |
| SIB: social interaction and communication | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.36 |
| SIB: personal living skills | 0.68 | 0.40 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.73 | 0.50 |
| Academic achievement | ||||||
| Digit symbol WAIS-R only (standard score) | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.18 |
| Woodcock-Johnson: reading cluster | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.87 | 0.17 |
| Letter/word identification | 0.28 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.18 |
| Reading comprehension | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.04 | 0.88 | 0.16 |
| Woodcock-Johnson: math cluster | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.07 | 0.46 | 0.22 |
| Applied problems (math, standard score) | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 0.61 | 0.17 |
| WRAT-3: spelling (standard score) | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.11 |
| Visual-motor integration | ||||||
| VMI (standard score) | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.05 |
| VMI: other | 0.12 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.55 | 0.08 |
| Obsessive-compulsive behavior | ||||||
| CBC: No. of categories represented | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.07 |
| CBC: interference with social | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.18 | 0.73 | 0.36 |
| CBC: if interrupted–halts and resumes | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.45 | 0.22 |
| CBC: if interrupted–other | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.69 | 0.20 |
The coefficient of determination is the proportion of a sample variance of a response variable that is “explained” by the predictor variables when a linear regression is performed. The evaluation of the genes in explaining the variation in phenotypic measures was investigated by fitting a general linear model and specifying gene-expression (CT) values as the predictor variable and the behavioral or cognitive score as the response variable. Therefore, larger coefficient of determination values indicate a greater impact. The GCP5 gene generally produced smaller coefficient of determination scores and, thus, has less influence on the behavioral and academic parameters measured. WAIS-R indicates Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised25; WRAT-3, Wide-Range Achievement Test, 3rd Edition.