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Attenuation length for electrons traversing a 4 nm thick carbon film as a function of beam energy, measured using an energy-loss spectrometer. Continuous lines are theoretical predictions (Tanuma et al., 2005). Republished with permission from Martin et al., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 42, 171 (1987). Copyright 1987 by Elsevier (Martin et al., 1987).
