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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychiatry. 2017 May;78(5):e537–e544. doi: 10.4088/JCP.16m10657

Table 5.

Adjusted Odds Ratios in Logistic Regression Models Predicting Persistence in Substance Use Disorders across Waves (Models 5 and 6) and Substance Abuse Treatment/Help Seeking at Either Wave among Individuals with a Past-Year Substance Use Disorder at Wave 1 (Model 7)

Sociodemographic and
Psychiatric Variablesa
Model 5
Multiple PY Substance Use
Disorders at W1 and W2
AOR (95% CI)b
(n = 31,597)
Model 6
Wave 1 PPY SUD and Multiple
PY SUDs at W1 and W2
AOR (95% CI)b
(n = 31,597)
Model 7
Substance Abuse Treatment or
Help Seeking at W1 or W2
AOR (95% CI)b
(n = 2,974)

Sex
  Male 5.34 (2.90–9.86)*** 5.16 (2.82–9.43)*** 1.77 (1.26–2.50)**

Age
  30–44 2.96 (1.08–8.08)* 2.88 (1.06–7.84)* 1.25 (0.86–1.81)
  18–29 5.62 (2.27–13.89)*** 5.48 (2.19–13.73)*** 0.53 (0.33–0.87)*

Marital Status
  Divorced/Separated 2.05 (0.77–5.47) 2.04 (0.76–5.47) 1.35 (0.91–2.02)
  Widowed N/A (all zeroes) N/A (all zeroes) 1.51 (0.71–3.22)
  Never married 2.28 (1.30–4.01)*** 2.12 (1.20–3.76)* 1.26 (0.84–1.89)

Geographical Region
  Northeast 1.94 (0.96–3.94) 2.17 (1.06–4.42)* 1.00 (0.66–1.50)
  Midwest 1.88 (0.97–3.64) 1.87 (0.95–3.67) 1.14 (0.82–1.59)
  West 2.05 (1.01–4.13)* 2.19 (1.06–4.54)* 1.29 (0.86–1.93)

Sexual Identitya
  Lesbian/Gay 8.31 (3.22–21.46)*** 8.60 (3.32–22.25)*** 1.19 (0.53–2.67)
  Bisexual 4.08 (0.79–20.94) 4.63 (0.92–23.28) 2.13 (0.84–5.37)
  Not sure/unknown 1.98 (0.38–10.27) 2.03 (0.41–10.16) 0.41 (0.07–2.39)

Past-Year Nicotine Dependence
  Yes 4.74 (2.85–7.88)*** 4.50 (2.69–7.54)*** 1.39 (1.01–1.92)*

Past-Year Substance Use
Disorders (W1)
  2+ N/A N/A 3.21 (2.25–4.58)***

Past-Year Anxiety Disorders
  1 1.76 (0.92–3.37) 1.89 (0.99–3.63) 1.66 (1.11–2.49)*
  2+ 3.05 (1.31–7.11)* 3.57 (1.51–8.43)** 1.79 (1.07–3.00)*

Past-Year Mood Disorders
  1 1.63 (0.91–2.92) 1.49 (0.82–2.69) 1.75 (1.26–2.43)**
  2+ 2.90 (1.24–6.76)* 2.62 (1.06–6.48)* 2.22 (1.42–3.45)**

Lifetime Personality Disorders
  1 1.94 (0.98–3.86) 1.90 (0.95–3.80) 1.03 (0.68–1.56)
  2+ 1.99 (1.09–3.64)* 1.74 (0.91–3.31) 1.20 (0.80–1.79)
a

Sociodemographic and psychiatric variables are based on W1 with the exception of sexual identity, which is based on W2. Reference categories for these variables were Female, White, 45 and older, Married / Partnered, $70,000 or more, South, Heterosexual, No, 0, 0, and 0. Race/Ethnicity, Education and Personal Income were not significant predictors in any model.

b

Each column represents a separate model and AORs were adjusted for all the sociodemographic and psychiatric variables in each column.

*

p < 0.05,

**

p < 0.01,

***

p < 0.001

Abbreviations: AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; Ref = Reference Category; W1 = Wave 1; W2 = Wave 2; N/A = Not applicable