Table 2.
Spatial distribution of positive associations between gray matter volume and Digit Symbol Substitution Test in adults with type 1 diabetes (N=95) using voxel-based morphometry.
| Region | Cluster Size (mm3) | Peak T-Score | Peak T-Score MNI Coordinates (X,Y,Z) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1: Left putamen | 11096 | 4.224957 | (−14,14,4) |
| 2: Left posterior cingulate cortex | 8344 | 5.318681 | (−22, −66,20) |
| 3: Left insula | 9064 | 5.118507 | (−42, −16, −6) |
| 4: Left pre-central gyrus | 6800 | 4.719274 | (−48, −12,38) |
| 5: Left middle-temporal gyrus | 680 | 3.872096 | (−50, −42, −2) |
| 6: Left thalamus | 288 | 5.101167 | (0, −8, −2) |
| 7: Right precuneus | 1280 | 4.797203 | (22, −62,26) |
| 8: Parahippocampal gyrus | 3744 | 3.684067 | (22,4, −16) |
| 9: Right pre-central gyrus | 8104 | 5.248271 | (46, −12,44) |
| 10: Right middle temporal gyrus | 408 | 4.280942 | (54, −32, −10) |
| 11: Left frontal pole | 40 | 5.017745 | (−32,44,8) |
Peak T: maximum T-statistic of all the voxels within the cluster. Cluster size: total number of voxels in the cluster.
Cluster 1 peaked in the left putamen; it included the adjacent structures of the head of the caudate, amygdale, and parahippocampus, and extended rostrally toward the orbitofrontal cortex, laterally to the insular cortex and left temporal pole, and inferiorly to the nucleus accumbens. Cluster 2 peaked in the left posterior cingulate, extending laterally to include the precuneus and the lingual gyrus, and caudally toward the cuneus and supracalcarine cortex. Cluster 3 peaked in the left insular cortex; it included the left middle and superior temporal gyri, extending subcortically to include putamen, thalamus, amygdale, and hippocampus. Cluster 4 peaked in the left pre-central gyrus, extending posteriorly to the post-central gyrus. Cluster 5 was constrained to the left middle temporal gyrus. Cluster 6 was constrained to the left thalamus. Cluster 7 peaked in the right precuneus, extending caudally to include the right cuneus and supracalcarine cortex. Cluster 8 peaked in the right parahippocampus, extending to the putamen, caudate head, and amygdale, and inferiorly toward the nucleus accumbens. Cluster 9 peaked in the right pre-central gyrus, extending posteriorly to the post-central gyrus. Cluster 10 was constrained to the right middle temporal gyrus. Cluster 11 was constrained to the left frontal pole.