Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample (N = 354).
| Life course SES Trajectory1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Low-low SES (n=97) |
Low-high SES (n=93) |
High-low SES (n=72) |
High-high SES (n=92) |
Differs by Early SES |
Differs by Current SES |
|
| Age | 35.5 (10.7) | 39.5 (9.5) | 34.9 (10.6) | 35.6 (11.5) | .054 | .04 |
| Sex, Female, n(%) | 47(48.5%) | 55(59.1%) | 42(58.3%) | 50(54.3%) | .65 | .44 |
| Descent, European, n(%) | 65(67%) | 59(63.4%) | 59(81.9%) | 75(81.5%) | <.001 | .84 |
| Parental education (household max), years |
11.8 (2.7) | 12.4 (2.6) | 15.4 (2.1) | 16.1 (2.6) | <.001 | .01 |
| Current education (household max), years |
15.1 (2.8) | 15.7 (2.5) | 14.1 (2.3) | 16.6 (2.5) | .03 | <.001 |
| Current annual household income | $25K–34.9K | $50K–74.9K | $25K–34.9K | $50K–74.9K | .39 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.7 (16.3) | 86.9 (15.9) | 84.4 (13.3) | 83.4 (12.6) | .005 | .17 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 108.9 (13.3) | 107.8(11.7) | 105.02(11.2) | 108.1 (10.8) | .21 | .60 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 69.0 (10.8) | 70 (9.5) | 67.53(9.6) | 69.7 (7.9) | .44 | .16 |
| Triglycerides | 1.2 (.74) | 1.1(.60) | .97(.51) | 1.01(.59) | .073 | .61 |
| HDL cholesterol | 1.4 (.34) | 1.5(.39) | 1.46(.37) | 1.5 (.42) | .32 | .085 |
| HbA1c | 5.4 (.39) | 5.4(.39) | 5.33(.29) | 5.3 (.33) | .26 | .79 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (6.3) | 26.6 (6.8) | 25.4 (5.8) | 24.4 (3.9) | .003 | .28 |
| Heavy smoker, >=10 cig./day, n(%) | 14 (15.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 10 (14.5%) | 3 (3.3%) | .75 | <.001 |
| Alcohol user, >=10 drinks/week, n (%) |
9 (10.2%) | 10 (11.2%) | 12 (17.4%) | 16 (17.6%) | .07 | .78 |
| Physical activity, hours/week | 2.5 (3.0) | 2.6 (2.4) | 3.1 (2.9) | 2.99 (2.9) | .11 | .97 |
Data are presented as Mean (SD) unless noted otherwise.
1
The study included four groups of participants, with low-low, low-high, high-low and high-high combinations of early-life and current SES.