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. 2017 Apr 11;4(1):135–151. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.03.010

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Mesalamine increases the level of the active form of TGF-β1, which is necessary for Treg induction. (A) Levels of the active form of TGF-β1 (acid-) or total TGF-β1 (acid+) in colons isolated from WT mice orally treated with mesalamine for 2 weeks (n = 5 mice per group). (B) Colon tissue samples (1.6 mg) from WT mice orally treated with mesalamine for 2 weeks were added into the culture of TGF-β reporter cells (MFB-F11) for 24 hours with or without HTS466284 (a chemical inhibitor of TGF-β signaling); then, SEAP activities of the supernatants were measured. 10 ng/mL human TGF-β1 was used as a positive control (n = 5). (C) TGF-β1 mRNA levels in the colon isolated from WT mice orally treated with mesalamine for 2 weeks (n = 8 mice per group). (D) Levels of active TGF-β1 (acid-) or of total TGF-β1 (acid+) in the colon isolated from AhR-/- mice treated orally with mesalamine for 2 weeks (n = 4 mice per group). (E) Levels of active TGF-β1 (acid-) or of total TGF-β1 (acid+) in the colon isolated from bone marrow chimeric mice (BM-AhR+/+ mice and BM-AhR-/- mice) treated orally with mesalamine for 2 weeks (n = 5 mice per group). (F, G) TSP-1 and Integrin αV mRNA levels in the colon isolated from WT mice or AhR-/- mice orally treated with mesalamine for 2 weeks (n = 8 mice per group). (H) WT mice were orally treated with mesalamine with or without GW788388, an inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor kinase, in drinking water for 2 weeks, and the percentages of Foxp3+ cells within the CD3+CD4+ cell population isolated from the colon LP were determined (n = 8 mice per group). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01. 5-ASA, mesalamine.