Table 2.
Valuable linguistic and cognitive features.
| Type | Features | Description | Utterance example | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linguistic profile | Standard Dysfluency | Filled pauses | Words or vocalizations that fill in a pause, e.g., um, ah, oh. | She is uh a very uh lovely girl. |
| Total number of Repetitions | The exact duplication of a linguistic unit of any length, from a word to an entire clause with no other utterances besides fillers (such as “um” or “uh” allowed in between | |||
| Repetition (word) | Number of repetitions of single words | (He) He is John. | ||
| Repetition (phrase) | Number of repetitions at the phrase level | (He is) He is John. | ||
| Complexity and dysfluency pattern | Number of utterances | Number of all the spoken statements, questions, exclamations, or vocal sound. An utterance is any independent clause and any dependent clauses or phrases associated with it. | What is his name? I don’t know! He is John. | |
| Number of statements | Number of all the statements (utterances ending with “.”) | He is John. | ||
| Number of questions | Number of all the questions (utterances ending with “?”) | What is his name? | ||
| Mean length of utterances | Average number of morphemes per utterance | |||
| One-word utterance | Number of utterances, which their length is equal to 1. | Yes. | ||
| Number of repeated words | Total number of words occurring in a dysfluency. | |||
| Repeated words Percentage | Rate of the repeated words per all words produced by speaker. | |||
| Short utterances | Utterances with less than 5 morphemes | |||
| Medium utterances | Utterances with 6 to 10 morphemes | |||
| Average repetitions per utterance | Average number of repetitions occurred per utterances | |||
| Cognitive profile | Self-monitoring | The Self-Monitor scale from BRIEF-A assesses aspects of social or interpersonal awareness. It captures the degree to which an individual perceives himself as aware of the effect that his or her behavior has on others. | ||
| Organization of material | The Organization of Materials scale from BRIEF-A measures orderliness of work, living, and storage spaces. | |||
| Working memory | The capacity to hold information in mind for the purpose of completing a task, encoding information, or generating goals, plans, and sequential steps to achieving goals. | |||