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. 2017 Jun 1;7:2661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02838-2

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Prolonged, but not acute, Exendin-4 stimulation promotes metabolic reprogramming. Following 18 hours of incubation in the presence or absence of 50 nM Exendin-4, BRIN-BD11 cells were subjected to extracellular flux analysis. (A) ECAR was determined after sequential injection of 25 mM glucose and 2 µM oligomycin. (B and C) Glycolytic rate and capacity were calculated as detailed in Methods. (D) ECAR profiles were generated using control untreated cells to evaluate the effect of acute injection of 50 nM Exendin-4 compared to cells injected with control media, followed by 25 mM glucose and 2 µM oligomycin. (E and F) Glycolytic rate and capacity were calculated. (G) Uptake of 2-NBDG was determined by flow cytometry analysis after preconditioning in the presence or absence of 50 nM Exendin-4 for either 18 h or 30 min. (H and I) The same treatments were evaluated in respect to SSC-A and FSC-A to estimate cellular complexity and size respectively. (J) 2-NBDG uptake was determined after co-incubation for 18 h with 1 µM Exendin (9–39) or 250 µM diazoxide. Data represent mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3; n.s. = non-significant *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.