Figure 5. Reaction thermodynamic parameters are affected by electrostatic force.

Van't Hoff plots depict the effect of bias on the free energy landscape, revealing an order of magnitude lower equilibrium constants and higher enthalpy for the 300 mV biased reaction at (a) 100 nM complementary target, where an increase in ΔH° of 6.5 kJ mol⁻¹ making hybridization less favourable, (b) at 10 nM with an enthalpy increase of 38.46 kJ mol⁻¹ and (c) at 1 nM with an enthalpy increase of 74.78 kJ mol⁻¹. Error bars are calculated from five different 60-s intervals at each temperature.