Table 1. Statistical analysis of model hourly ozone performance.
| Performance metric |
Simulation |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEM-MACHv2 | GEM-MACHv2 + canopy parameterization | GEM-MACHv2.1 | GEM-MACHv2.1 + canopy parameterization | |
| Mean bias (p.p.b.v.) | 4.26 | 1.76 | 6.29 | 1.78 |
| Root mean square error | 15.13 | 14.64 | 15.81 | 14.79 |
| Mean gross error | 11.56 | 11.27 | 12.05 | 11.27 |
| Coefficient of efficiency | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
| Index of agreement | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.60 |
| Correlation coefficient (R) | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.72 |
| Fraction of predictions within a factor of 2 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.78 |
| Standard deviation (σM) (observed σO=17.64) | 20.66 | 20.12 | 20.75 | 20.62 |
| Variance | 9.12 | 6.15 | 9.67 | 8.88 |
| Covariance | 204.1 | 205.6 | 197.7 | 203.8 |
GEM-MACH, Global Environmental Multiscale-Modelling Air-quality and Chemistry.