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. 2017 May 4;4(6):381–391. doi: 10.1002/acn3.414

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© 2017 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Fumarate treatment induces HMOX1 antioxidant gene expression in human fetal astrocytes. (A–C) DMF significantly increased HMOX1 expression from no treatment (A) while expression levels of OSGIN1 (B) and NQO1 (C) were not statistically significant (n = 5 per group; one‐way ANOVA; Dunnett's post hoc comparison). (D–F) No statistically significant changes in Hmox1 (D), Osgin1 (E), or Nqo1 (F) expression were observed in mouse astrocytes (n = 5 per group; one‐way ANOVA; Dunnett's post hoc comparison). Error bars represent mean ± SEM.