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. 2017 May 26;49(5):e338. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.20

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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The imbalance between mucosal barriers and gut microbes promotes susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Dysfunction of mucosal barriers because of genetic predisposition, such as the decreased production of AMPs and mucin, allows intestinal bacteria to gain access to gut immune cells, thereby contributing to the development of intestinal inflammation. Dysbiosis induced by environmental factors, such as a high-fat diet and various medicines, accelerates intestinal inflammation in situations in which the mucosal barrier is disrupted. AMPs, antimicrobial peptides.