Table 2.

Characteristics of undetected TB cases among persons with chronic cough in Kampala, Uganda

Characteristic	Total (n = 199) n (%)*	No TB (n = 121) n (%)	Undetected TB (n = 39) n (%)	P value
Produced sputum	160 (80.4)	121 (75.6)	39 (24.4)
Unable to produce sputum	39 (19.6)
Sex
Female	125 (62.8)	80 (66.1)	22 (56.4)	0.273
Male	74 (37.2)	41 (33.1)	17 (43.6)
Age, years
15–24	64 (32.2)	43 (35.5)	9 (23.1)	0.263+
25–34	80 (40.2)	45 (37.2)	17 (43.6)
35–44	28 (14.1)	17 (14.1)	8 (20.0)
45–54	13 (6.5)	6 (5.0)	4 (10.3)
⩾55	14 (7)	10 (8.2)	1 (3.0)
Marital status
Never married	40 (20.1)	24 (19.8)	8 (20.5)	0.596
Currently married	99 (49.8)	66 (54.5)	18 (46.2)
Previously married	60 (30.2)	31 (25.6)	13 (33.3)
Education level (years of school)
None	22 (11.1)	15 (12.4)	2 (5.1)	0.524†
1–7	106 (53.2)	62 (51.2)	19 (48.7)
8–13	61 (30.7)	37 (30.6)	16 (41.0)
>13	10 (5)	7 (5.8)	2 (5.1)
Cough duration, weeks‡
2–3	71 (35.7)	41 (34.8)	13 (33.3)	0.204§
>3–8	52 (26.1)	36 (30.5)	6 (15.4)
>8–12	19 (9.6)	11 (9.3)	6 (15.4)
>12	57 (28.6)	30 (25.4)	14 (35.9)
TB-related symptoms
None	90 (45.2)	59 (48.8)	15 (38.5)	0.106§
1–2	58 (29.2)	38 (31.4)	11 (28.2)
3–5	51 (25.6)	24 (19.8)	13 (33.3)
Ever undergone HIV testing
No	83 (41.7)	51 (42.2)	16 (41.0)	0.902
Yes	116 (58.3)	70 (57.9)	23 (59.0)
HIV status
Negative	138 (69.4)	86 (72.9)	25 (65.8)	0.154
Positive	57 (28.6)	32 (27.1)	13 (34.2)
Not done	4 (2)	3	1
Health care seeking
No	51 (28.7)	31 (28.7)	8 (23.5)	0.556
Yes	127 (71.3)	77 (71.3)	26 (76.5)

^*Other totals may not add up to 199 due to 39 missing AFB smear tests; of 160 only 4 did not produce two samples.

^†Fisher’s exact test.

^‡Mean and median difference in cough duration not significant.

^§Test for trend.

TB = tuberculosis; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; AFB = acid-fast bacilli.