HILIC-MS2-based separation of AS-type β-GalCers with 2R- and 2S-hydroxy stearic acid. Extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) for AS-HexCer(d18:1/h18:0) and (d18:1/h24:0) from a purified mixture of brain AS-type β-GalCers [phrenosin (A, E)], the synthetic standards β-GalCer[d18:1/(2S)h18:0] and β-GalCer[d18:1/(2R)h18:0] (D), a mouse brain lipid extract enriched in neutral GSLs (B, F), and a stomach lipid extract from WT (C, G) and Fa2h−/− (H) mice. The intensity in (H) is normalized to that of the corresponding WT signal in (G). In compliance with a report that AS-type β-GalCer from brain contain 2R-hydroxy fatty acids, the AS-HexCer(d18:1/h18:0) from phrenosin and from mouse brain migrate together with the β-GalCer[d18:1/(2R)h18:0] standard. Note, the decrease of β-GalCer(d18:1/h24:0) with 2R-hydroxy configuration in Fa2h−/− stomach.